Near Infrared Fluorescent Lymph Node Mapping with Indocyanine Green in Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Trial

Meta-analysis Comparing Fluorescence Imaging with Radioisotope and Blue Dye-Guided Sentinel Node Identification for Breast Cancer Surgery

“…Cancer subtype was comparable between studies, with the majority of patients (74-83%) having invasive ductal carcinoma, 3-17% with ductal carcinoma in situ, 6-10% with invasive lobular carcinoma, and 13% with mixed disease. [22][23][24][25]29,30 Three studies compared all SLNB localization modalities (ICG, RI, and BD), six compared ICG and RI alone, and another two compared ICG and BD alone. Of the ICG-RI groups, one further subdivided the cohort based on whether or not albumin had been combined with ICG.…”

“…The limitations of both dye and radioisotope (RI) mapping has led to the development of new contrast agents for sentinel node biopsy, such as magnetic 19,20 and fluorescence imaging approaches. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Fluorescence imaging was first used clinically in the 1940 s, when fluorescein was used in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light to delineate suspected brain tumors. 32 Fluorescence imaging with currently approved exogenous fluorophores is a safe, non-ionizing and rapid technique, with macroscopic visualization capabilities to facilitate surgical guidance, as illustrated in Fig.…”

“…[37][38][39][40] A number of studies assessing the potential of ICG to aid in sentinel lymph node mapping through the use of fluorescence imaging have now been published, including a critical mass of high-quality prospective studies. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Previous meta-analyses comparing the sentinel node detection rates between ICG and BD and RI 38,41,42 were limited by source data reporting the identification rate per patient (i.e. at least one node was found in each patient) rather than in total nodes, thus obtaining less precise results.…”

Upconversion optogenetic micro-nanosystem optically controls the secretion of light-responsive bacteria for systemic immunity regulation

“…Next, visualization of in vivo delivery was convenient to explore the function of this system. A near-infrared fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) was selected as a hydrogel-encapsulated object used in biomedical researches 35,36 . Compared with ICG standard products, the release amount was very low after soaking in the environment of SGF and SIF for a certain time (Fig.…”

Advanced Nanotechnology Leading the Way to Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Precision Surgical Therapy

“…Traditional LN mapping techniques in clinical applications include radionuclide, blue dyes, and fluorescence imaging. 2019, 31,1904329 Passive targeting via EPR effect -PDFT1032 LN mapping and biopsy, osteosarcoma imaging and IGS [31] -SNPs LN mapping [32] -PDI NPs LN mapping and biopsy, glioblastoma imaging and PTT guidance [33] -AGL AIE dots Peritoneal carcinomatosis imaging and IGS [34] -HLZ-BTED dots Breast tumor imaging and visualizing tumor feeding blood vessels [35] -L897 NPs LN and glioblastoma imaging [36] -BPN-BBTD NPs Bladder tumor imaging and PTT guidance [37] Active targeting via ligands Peptide FSH β receptor DCNP-L 1 -FSH β Ovarian cancer imaging and IGS [38] Integrin α v β 3 IR-BEMC6P@RGD Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor imaging and IGS [39] T-TTD dots a) Cholangiocarcinoma imaging and PDT guidance [40] T-TPETS nanodots b) Hepatocellular carcinoma, imaging and PDT guidance [41] 68 Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) agent approved for clinical application by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); it is widely used in ophthalmic angiography, the measurement of circulatory system and liver functions, and studies on intraoperative tumor imaging and LN mapping for various cancers, such as head and neck, [59] breast, [60] lung, gastrointestinal, [61] and urologic cancer. [55,56] The combination of two methods with a radionuclide and a dye has been the gold standard for SLN detection.…”