Need (more than) two to Tango: Multiple tools to adapt to changes in oxygen availability

Abstract

Oxygen is a fundamental element for the life of a large number of living organisms allowing an efficient energetic utilization of substrates. Organisms relying on oxygen evolved complex structures for oxygen delivery and biochemical machineries dealing with its safe utilization and the ability to overcome the potentially harmful consequences of changes in oxygen availability. On fact, cells composing complex Eukaryotic organisms are set to live within an optimum narrow range of oxygen, quite specific for each cell type. Minute modifications of oxygen availability, either positive or negative, induce the expression of specific genes, the major actors of this responses being the transcription factors HIF and Nrf2 that control the attempt to cope with low oxygen (hypoxia) or to either high oxygen or to an oxygen "overflow," respectively. This review describes the interaction between these two transcription factors and their interaction with the transcription factor NF-κB acting as a pivotal determinant of final cell response. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(3):207-218, 2018.

Anthocyanins ameliorate palmitate‐induced inflammation and insulin resistance in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes

“…However, recent evidences suggest that the selective inhibition of NF‐κB pathway and the activation of an antioxidant adaptive cell response through nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2) pathway modulation seem to be the main mechanisms by which ACNs can exert their protective effect. In fact, previous data supported the hypothesis of a cross talk between Nrf2 and NF‐κB and particularly of an inhibitory effect of Nrf2/EpRE (Electrophile‐Responsive Element) pathway on NF‐κB transcription machinery (Ferrari et al, ; Fratantonio et al, ; Fratantonio, Speciale, et al, ; Fratantonio, Cimino, Speciale, & Virgili, ; Speciale et al, ).…”

TrpML-mediated astrocyte microdomain Ca2+ transients regulate astrocyte-tracheal interactions

“…When tissues become hypoxic, Sima drives the transcription of hypoxia-related genes (Lisy and Peet, 2008). Hif-1 has also been proposed to be important for modulating tissue responses to increased oxygen and ROS (Fratantonio et al, 2018;Movafagh et al, 2015) but this remains somewhat controversial (Jeong et al, 2005;Terraneo et al, 2014). Unexpectedly, we found in sima mutants that astrocyte microdomain Ca 2+ transients were almost completely eliminated ( Fig 5A).…”

Hypoxia, Metabolism and Immune Cell Function

“…The oxygen concentration is closely associated with cellular proliferation, division and survival, and is generally maintained by homeostatic mechanisms operating at the cellular and systemic organ (tissue) levels [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The hypoxic response in cells and tissues is coordinated by a family of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIFs (HIF-1, HIF-2 and HIF-3 [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”