“…6 Likewise, multiple epidemiological studies suggested a linkage between prenatal ozone exposure and low birth weight, 7,8 but these studies focused solely on singleton infants, leaving a dearth of evidence for twin births. Twin pregnancies carry a greater risk of complications (such as preeclampsia, growth restriction, and premature labor), perinatal mortality, and longterm morbidity than singleton pregnancies; 9 impacts of ozone exposure on the growth and development of twin fetuses. Fetal growth is an important determinant of perinatal and lifelong health.…”