Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus

Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…22 Lesions of NLE can be distinguished from tinea corporis by having less scale and absent fungal hyphae on a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation of skin scrapings. 22 In addition to its typical manifestation of non-inflammatory greasy yellow scales on the scalp, informally referred to as "cradle cap," seborrheic dermatitis can manifest as yellow greasy scales on the face that are accompanied by erythematous, scaly, salmon-colored plaques. The latter manifestation may appear similarly to NLE lesions, though NLE lesions are less scaly and darker purple in color.…”

“…The latter manifestation may appear similarly to NLE lesions, though NLE lesions are less scaly and darker purple in color. 22,23 Annular erythemas of childhood are rare diseases such as erythema annulare centrifugum, familial annular erythema, erythema multiforme, and annular erythema of infancy. These diseases can be differentiated from cutaneous NLE by their migrating course, lack of central atrophy, presence of peripheral lesions, long duration, and unusual history of new lesion development after the disappearance of lesions at different locations.…”

“…Additionally, skin biopsy will distinguish lesions of Langerhans cell histiocytosis from those of NLE. 22,25 Autoinflammatory diseases may closely resemble cutaneous NLE manifestations, but commonly present with multisystem involvement and severe fevers. Autoinflammatory diseases most likely to resemble NLE include stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatitis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (CANDLE syndrome), autoinflammation and PLCG2associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID), and C1q deficiency.…”

“…Autoinflammatory diseases most likely to resemble NLE include stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatitis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (CANDLE syndrome), autoinflammation and PLCG2associated antibody deficiency and immune dysregulation (APLAID), and C1q deficiency. 22,26 The histopathological findings of NLE skin lesions commonly resemble those of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus and include vacuolar alterations at the dermo-epidermal interface and adnexal structures. 27 Urticaria-like lesions that have superficial and deep perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrates can also occur.…”