NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images

Zhang, Yi; Lü, Kai; Gao, Yinghui; Wang, Mo

doi:10.1007/s11128-013-0567-z

Cited by 569 publications

(322 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, as claimed in Ref. 13, it could o®er signi¯cant advantages in image compression, image operations, and image retrieval. They also assert that the computational complexity of preparing the NEQR image exhibits an approximately quadratic decrease, i.e.…”

Section: Flexible Representation For Quantum Images-frqimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the FRQI, many other quantum image representations (QIRs) have been proposed as well as an array of algorithmic frameworks that target the spatial or chromatic content of the image. 2 Among others, the multi-channel representation for quantum images (MCQI) 12 and novel enhanced quantum image representation (NEQR) 13 are the representative QIRs that have traced their root to the FRQI representation. In addition, a lot of the e®ort in QIP has been focused on designing algorithms to manipulate the position and color information encoded using the FRQI and its many variants.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the second step is divided into 2 2n sub-operations to store the grayscale information for every pixel. 13 The NEQR representation utilizes the basis state of a qubit sequence to represent the grayscale values of pixels rather than the probability amplitude of a single qubit used in the FRQI representation. Therefore, as claimed in Ref.…”

Section: Flexible Representation For Quantum Images-frqimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum image processing: A review of advances in its security technologies

Yan

Iliyasu

Le³

2017

Int. J. Quantum Inform.

129

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In this review, we present an overview of the advances made in quantum image processing (QIP) comprising of the image representations, the operations realizable on them, and the likely protocols and algorithms for their applications. In particular, we focus on recent progresses on QIP-based security technologies including quantum watermarking, quantum image encryption, and quantum image steganography. This review is aimed at providing readers with a succinct, yet adequate compendium of the progresses made in the QIP sub-area. Hopefully, this e®ort will stimulate further interest aimed at the pursuit of more advanced algorithms and experimental validations for available technologies and extensions to other domains.Keywords: Quantum image; quantum movie; quantum audio; quantum watermarking; quantum image encryption; quantum image steganography.

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Section: Flexible Representation For Quantum Images-frqimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexible Representation For Quantum Images-frqimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum image processing: A review of advances in its security technologies

Yan

Iliyasu

Le³

2017

Int. J. Quantum Inform.

129

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“…Different quantum image representations may have different preparation methods. Researchers have proposed a number of quantum image representation schemes, such as Qubit Lattice [1], Real Ket [2], Entangled Image [3], FRQI (the flexible representation of quantum images) [4], MCQI (the RGB multi-channel representation for quantum images) [5], NEQR (the novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images) [6], QUALPI (the quantum representation for log-polar images) [7], QSMC&QSNC (quantum states for M colors and quantum states for N coordinates) [8], NAQSS (the normal arbitrary quantum superposition state) [9], INEQR (the improved NEQR) [10], GQIR (the generalized quantum image representation) [11], and etc. A number of papers have summarized and compared them [11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4] and [6], the minimization of Boolean expressions is used to compress the image preparation. We call it Boolean expression compression (BEC) method and will introduce it in detail in Section 2.1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Quantum Image Compression Method Based on JPEG

Jiang

et al. 2017

Int J Theor Phys

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Quantum image processing has been a hot topic. The first step of it is to store an image into qubits, which is called quantum image preparation. Different quantum image representations may have different preparation methods. In this paper, we use GQIR (the generalized quantum image representation) to represent an image, and try to decrease the operations used in preparation, which is also known as quantum image compression. Our compression scheme is based on JPEG (named from its inventor: the Joint Photographic Experts Group) -the most widely used method for still image compression in classical computers. We input the quantized JPEG coefficients into qubits and then convert them into pixel values. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the compression ratio of our scheme is obviously higher than that of the previous compression method.

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Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Quantum Circuits

Muñoz‐Coreas¹,

Thapliyal²

2022

Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

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Quantum circuits are needed to realize the performance gains offered by quantum algorithms. We introduce the design and resource cost assessment of quantum circuits. We illustrate the design process through the development of quantum circuits for arithmetic computations as well as quantum datapaths for the image rotation task. This article opens by introducing physical properties unique to quantum computation. We then turn to quantum gates, quantum circuits, and how we measure the resource costs of a given quantum circuit. Resource cost measures for both NISQ computation and fault‐tolerant quantum computation are shown. We then present quantum circuits for arithmetic operations. Architectures for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are shown. The operation and design of each quantum arithmetic circuit are outlined. Using the arithmetic circuits presented as examples, we show how to calculate quantum circuit resource costs for both NISQ and fault‐tolerant quantum computation. This article concludes by illustrating the design of quantum datapaths for the image rotation operation.

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NEQR: a novel enhanced quantum representation of digital images

Cited by 569 publications

References 13 publications

Quantum image processing: A review of advances in its security technologies

Quantum image processing: A review of advances in its security technologies

A Novel Quantum Image Compression Method Based on JPEG

Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Quantum Circuits

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