“…Therefore, we conclude that the higher sea temperature in 2019 was due to warm advection from PIW, bringing heat to the Arctic Ocean. Planktonic ciliates, as an important component of microzooplankton, have been extensively investigated for their important ecological roles in the Pacific Arctic Region (e.g., Jiang et al, 2015;Dolan et al, 2016Dolan et al, , 2021Li et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2018a,b;Wang et al, 2019Wang et al, , 2022bWang C. F. et al, 2020). However, studies related to ciliate Pacification are still scant.…”