Nerolidol: a potential approach in rheumatoid arthritis through reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, COX-2 and antioxidant effect in CFA-induced arthritic model

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis an autoimmune infectious disorder, is categorized by in ammation and increased level of pro-in ammatory cytokines which are released by immune cells, macrophages or activation of arachidonic acid metabolism. The expression of these cytokines, oxidative free radicals and the activation of COX-2 enzymes are crucial targets for chronic in ammation. On the basis of established anti-in ammatory e cacy of Nerolidol, the primary study was further appraised to determine its e cacy against Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) rheumatoid model. Arthritis was persuaded by inoculation of 0.1mL CFA injection into left hind footpad of rats. Anti-arthritic potential of nerolidol (at 200, 400 and 800mg/kg doses) was assessed by measuring the paw volume, body weight, serum analysis, histopathological and radio-graphics of ankle joints. Expressions of cytokine's panels like IL-10, IL-4, COX-2, NF-K β, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE-2 and IL-1β were determined by real time qPCR. Antioxidant enzyme analyses was calculated by measuring the SOD, POD and catalase activity from serum and equated with arthritic control group. Nerolidol prevented the body weight loss, stabilized the biochemical and haematological homeostasis and signi cantly reduced the paw volume. Furthermore, X-ray and histopathological assessment of ankle joints showed an improvement in the joint structure of rats treated with nerolidol. Besides that, over expression of gene pointers like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-K β, PGE-2 and COX-2 in CFA treated control rats were also reversed with nerolidol. This antiarthritic mechanism was further supported by the increased level of IL-10, IL-4 and serum anti-oxidant activity. The present ndings demonstrate that nerolidol reduce the adjuvant arthritis by down-regulating the proin ammatory cytokines and up-regulating the aforementioned anti-in ammatory cytokines and may be used as a therapeutic substance for the management of human rheumatoid arthritis.

Neutrophil Immunomodulatory Activity of Nerolidol, a Major Component of Essential Oils from Populus balsamifera Buds and Propolis

“…Nerolidol was also reported to have neuroprotective properties, presumably through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities [ 86 , 87 ]. Likewise, nerolidol reduced adjuvant arthritis by down-regulating proinflammatory cytokines and up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines [ 88 ]. It also attenuated hypertension-induced hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats through modulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor II (IGF-IIR) signaling [ 89 ].…”

Essential oils of Zingiber officinale: Chemical composition, in vivo alleviation effects on TPA induced ear swelling in mice and in vitro bioactivities

“…Cytokines are involved in many biological processes including inflammation, including pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and inflammatory cytokines (NF-kB, COX-2). Due to the key role in regulation and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, NF-κB is pivotal in initiating and amplifying inflammation response ( 51 ). According to the results, these findings implied that ZOEOs could attenuate TPA induced ear edema in mice via through reduction of TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, and COX-2.…”

Noscapine hydrochloride (benzyl-isoquinoline alkaloid) effectively prevents protein denaturation through reduction of IL-6, NF-kB, COX-2, Prostaglandin-E2 in rheumatic rats

“…Paw volume was determined on day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28th of treatment by using digital plathysmometer. The percent suppression of paw volume was calculated on similar day ( Akhter et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Blood parameters including ESR, RBCs, platelets count, WBCs and hemoglobin contents were evaluated by using automatic hemocytometer (sysmex-XT-18000i). Commercially available kits were used for the determination of kidney function test including creatinine and RF at pathological laboratory in Diagnostic Center of University of Sargodha, Sargodha Pakistan ( Akhter et al, 2022 ).…”

“…The Bio-Red system was used to perform the RT-qPCR. Gene specific primers along with amplified base pair are given in Table 4 , where GAPDH was used as reference gene ( Akhter et al, 2022 ).…”