Nerve agent simulant detection by using chromogenic triaryl methane cation probes

Abstract

ElsevierGotor Candel, RJ.; Royo Calvo, S.; Costero Nieto, AM.; Gil Grau, S.; Parra Alvarez, M.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2012). Nerve agent simulant detection by using chromogenic triaryl methane cation probes. Tetrahedron. 68(41):8612-8616.

Colorimetric Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Polymers for the Detection of Nerve Agent Surrogates

“…The colorimetric probes are inspired by the work of Costero and coworkers 26,27 and more recently, analogues have been utilized in polymers developed by our group. 32 The triarylmethanol groups are readily incorporated into monomers 9, 10 and 11, as outlined in Scheme 1.…”

“…The mode of action for these nerve agents is the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which results in continuous overstimulation of muscles that can ultimately result in death. The need for proper protection against these threats has led to the development of a variety of detection schemes for CWAs over the past few decades, 1,2 including chromatographic, [3][4][5][6] spectroscopic, 7-10 electrochemical, 11-15 fluorogenic, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and colorimetric [26][27][28][29] approaches. Fewer reports can be found for polymer-based detection schemes.…”

Prompt liquid-phase visual detection and low-cost vapor-phase detection of DCP, a chemical warfare agent mimic

“…All the methods exhibited good selectivity for DCP with signal enhancement, and most of them were able exhibit both chromo-and fluorogenic changes in DCP in the liquid state [19,[54][55][56]. A few of the probes, as well as RTU, have sensing abilities in both the liquid and vapor phases [27,52,57], while others work only in the liquid phase, and their applicability in the solid state has not been investigated.…”

“…8). Thus, the ability to detect nerve gas simulants with the naked eye in both liquid and vapor phases using coated test strips makes the use of RTU a unique and superior method compared to those reported in previous studies [19,27,[54][55][56][57]. <Figure7, Figure 8> …”

“…Nevertheless, regarding detection of the nerve agents, only a few probes have been investigated [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The sensing properties of these sensors are exceeded by those of the chemical reagent-based assays, i.e., the selected functional groups, such as amino [21], hydroxyl [20,22,27,30], or oxime moieties [23,26,29,31], but they have been employed as the starting points for the analysis of nerve agent simulants in many reported studies.…”