Nerve Conduction Study of the Superficial Peroneal Sensory Distal Branches in Koreans

Abstract

ObjectiveTo perform nerve conduction studies of the four branches of the superficial peroneal nerves to determine normal values and anatomic variations in Koreans.MethodAntidromic sensory nerve conduction studies of the four distal branches were performed on 70 healthy subjects (100 feet). We applied electrical stimulation at the midpoint of medial and lateral malleoli for the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCN), and at the lateral 1/4 point between the medial and lateral malleoli for the 2 branches of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCN).ResultsReference values (mean±SD) of the onset/ peak latency (ms)/ sensory action potential amplitude (µV) for the two branches of the MDCN and for the first branch of the IDCN were 2.2±0.3/2.9±0.3/9.2±3.1, 2.2±0.3/2.8±0.3/9.1±3.0 and 2.3±0.4/2.9±0.3/8.5±2.8, respectively. For the second IDCN branch, the reference values were 2.3±0.4/3.0±0.4/7.1±2.6 but anomalous sural innervation was also found. Three types of IDCN innervations to the fourth interdigital web space were detected. In type I, the fourth interdigital webspace was innervated solely by the IDCN, whereas in type II, it was innervated by both the IDCN and distal sural nerve. In type III, it was solely innervated by the distal sural nerve.ConclusionThe results of this study show the reference values of the distal sensory branches of the superficial peroneal nerve, and provide information on the variant innervations to the fourth interdigital web space.

Inhibitory effect of IL-17 on neural stem cell proliferation and neural cell differentiation

“…On the other hand, activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway is essential for in vitro and in vivo IL-17 production, and is required for the development and progression of CNS proinflammatory demyelination [41]. p38 MAPK signaling has also been found to be involved in insufficient NSC proliferation; targeting p38 restored these cells and corrected neuromotor deficits in an ataxia-telangiectasia mouse model [42]. The importance of p38 MAPK activation in the inhibition of NSC proliferation has also been observed by culturing NSCs with IL-1β, another proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in CNS proinflammatory demyelination [43].…”

Variations in sural nerve formation pattern and distribution on the dorsum of the foot

“…It is also subjected to biopsy (Ruth et al, 2005) or nerve conducting studies for the diagnosis of diseases such as diabetic neuropathy (Kwon et al, 2000). Thus, it is necessary to understand the formation and distribution of the sural nerve, for better clinical performance such as the operation design of related areas (Aktan Ikiz et al, 2005) and location of correct test points (Kim et al, 2003;Ko et al, 2011). Likewise, nerve entrapment occasionally occurs at the site (Pringle et al, 1974).…”

“…Likewise, nerve entrapment occasionally occurs at the site (Pringle et al, 1974). Thus, it is necessary to understand the formation and distribution of the sural nerve, for better clinical performance such as the operation design of related areas (Aktan Ikiz et al, 2005) and location of correct test points (Kim et al, 2003;Ko et al, 2011).…”

Variations in the distal branches of the superficial fibular sensory nerve

“…There are various possible reasons for the discrepancy in results of studies. Ko et al . reported that racial difference may be a strong factor.…”

“…Their results were similar to those obtained by Izzo et al ., who showed that an IDCN SNAP was absent in only 2% of subjects. However, Ko et al . reported that anatomical variations were present in 66% of the IDCNs in Koreans.…”