Nervous signs associated with otitis and cranial osteomyelitis and withOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa)

Moreno, Belén Martínez; Chacón, G.; Villa, Alessandro; Fernández, Ana; Vela, A. I.; Fernández‐Garayzábal, J. F.; Ferré, S; Gracía, E.

doi:10.1080/03079450903183686

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…O. rhinotracheale, which is considered an endemic pathogen associated with respiratory diseases in domestic poultry, causes significant economic loss in the poultry industry, with worldwide distribution in almost all avian species (16,17,19). All of the O. rhinotracheale isolates gave a clear band at 784 bp by using the PCR with O. rhinotracheale-specific primers under the recommended conditions, but the primer pair also amplified fragments of Riemerella anatipestifer RA37 and RA38 (500 bp), Riemerella columbina RC29 (1,200 bp), and Coenonia anatina CA39 (200 bp).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and Characterization of Small-Colony Variants of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

et al. 2013

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bOrnithobacterium rhinotracheale is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with respiratory diseases in many avian species, with worldwide distribution, and it causes significant economic loss to the poultry industry. In this study, the isolation and characterization of O. rhinotracheale small-colony variants (SCVs) are described for the first time. O. rhinotracheale isolates (n ‫؍‬ 27) were recovered from tracheal samples (n ‫؍‬ 321) collected from different avian species with clinical signs of respiratory disease. Of the 27 O. rhinotracheale isolates, 21 (77.8%) showed SCVs in their primary cultures. Five O. rhinotracheale SCV isolates showed high levels of stability and were chosen for further characterization with their wildtype (WT) isolates. Stable O. rhinotracheale SCVs were oxidase negative, while their WT isolates were positive. Growth curves for stable O. rhinotracheale SCVs indicated lower growth rates and longer lag phases than for their WT isolates. Furthermore, it was possible to increase the efficacy of the broth medium in supporting the growth of O. rhinotracheale WT isolates by supplementing it with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 2% IsoVitaleX Enrichment. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that O. rhinotracheale SCVs had higher MIC values than their WT isolates. This study suggests that successful antibiotic treatment of respiratory diseases associated with O. rhinotracheale must take into consideration the resistance patterns of O. rhinotracheale SCVs. Intracellular persistence in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages revealed that O. rhinotracheale SCV28 had higher survival rates than its WT isolate. Finally, small-colony variants may be important contributors to the pathogenesis of O. rhinotracheale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogen was relatively recently discovered and is distributed worldwide in chickens and turkeys, as well as in other avian species (15)(16)(17). O. rhinotracheale is associated with respiratory diseases and causes significant economic loss to the poultry industry (17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Small-Colony Variants of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

et al. 2013

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“…Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection has also been found to be the cause of neurological signs or paralysis due to arthritis, meningitis, encephalitis, otitis, and cranial osteitis and osteomyelitis in turkeys, chickens, and red-legged partridges (Goovaerts et al, 1998;van Empel and Hafez, 1999;Moreno et al, 2009). …”

Section: Transmission Incubation Period Hosts and Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primers OR16S-F1 (5´-GAGAATTAATTTACGGATTAAG-3´), and OR16S-R1 (5´-TTCGCTTGGTCTCCGAAGAT-3´) have allowed the amplification of a 784 bp fragment on the 16S rRNA gene of O. rhinotracheale (van Empel and Hafez, 1999;Hafez, 2002;Hung and Alvarado, 2001;Canal et al, 2003;Eroksuz et al, 2006;Tsai and Huang, 2006;Chansiripornchai et al, 2007;Pyzik et al, 2007;Uriarte et al, 2009;Gornatti Churria et al, 2011;. According to van Empel and Hafez (1999) and Hafez (2002) Moreno et al (2009) genotyped O. rhinotracheale strains obtained from Spanish red-legged partridges with neurological signs, otitis and cranial osteomyelitis, following adaptations of previously reported PFGE assays. The authors incubated isolates on Columbia agar in aerobic conditions at 37℃ for 24 h and prepared DNA plugs from fresh colonies of bacteria suspended into 1 mL of TE1 × buffer with a transmittance of 20%.…”

Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to experimental reproductions of the disease, the clinical signs are seen 24~48 h post-inoculation . Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection has been reported mostly in broiler chickens and turkeys, and less frequently in other avian species such as pheasants, quails, gray partridges, chukar partridges, red-legged partridges, guinea fowls, ostriches, rooks, pigeons, ducks, geese, and gulls (van Empel and Hafez, 1999;Moreno et al, 2009 Sakai et al, 2000;Marien et al, 2005;2007;Thachil et al, 2009;Gornatti Churria et al, 2012;Pan et al, 2012). The severity of clinical signs, the duration of the disease and the mortality caused by O. rhinotracheale outbreaks are extremely variable, and can be influenced by a wide range of environmental factors .…”

Section: Transmission Incubation Period Hosts and Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Infection in Poultry: an Updated Review

Churria¹,

Machuca²,

Vigo³

et al. 2012

ijmz

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Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a Gram-negative bacterium of the rRNA superfamily V within the CytophagaFlavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum, which has become an emerging pathogen in the poultry industry. The purpose of this work is to review the current literature on O. rhinotracheale infection in domestic poultry. Despite the difficulties to identify the bacteria using biochemical tests, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique has been successfully used to identify suspected isolates. Moreover, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has allowed the genetic typing of O. rhinotracheale. Recent investigations carried out in the United States and Argentina described the unusual and extensive β-hemolytic activity of field strains isolated from affected chickens and turkeys. According to the latest serological studies, the causing agent has eighteen serotypes (A to R) and serotype A is the most prevalent among chicken and turkey strains. Gross findings typically found in broiler chickens are unilateral pneumonia, pleuritis, and abdominal airsacculitis with foamy, white yogurt-like exudate, which cause increased condemnation rates at slaughter, whereas those found in turkeys include tracheitis, pneumonia or bronchopneumonia, thoracic and/or abdominal airsacculitis, pericarditis, and peritonitis. Despite the worldwide efforts to control O. rhinotracheale infection, the present situation shows several problems not only because antibiotic treatments appear to be less effective due to the resistance acquired in the poultry industry but also because the vaccines developed so far show variable results in commercial poultry.

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Musculoskeletal System

2015

Pathology of Pet and Aviary Birds

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Nervous signs associated with otitis and cranial osteomyelitis and withOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealeinfection in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa)

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Small-Colony Variants of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Isolation and Characterization of Small-Colony Variants of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

<i>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</i> Infection in Poultry: an Updated Review

Musculoskeletal System

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