Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of the avian leukosis virus causing so-called fowl glioma

Hatai, Hitoshi; Ochiai, Kenji; Tomioka, Y.; Toyoda, Takeshi; Hayashi, Kyoko; Anada, M.; Kato, Mamoru; Toda, A. T; Ohashi, Kazuhiko; Ono, Etsuro; Kondo, Takahisa; Umemura, Takashi

doi:10.1080/03079450500368086

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Cerebellar hypoplasia is also induced in chickens experimentally inoculated with FGV through the yolk sac (Toyoda et al, 2006). Following these studies, epidemiological studies on FGV revealed that ALV related to this prototype has been prevalent among ornamental Japanese chickens in Japan and the env gene of the isolates frequently showed mutations and deletions of nucleotides (Hatai et al, 2005(Hatai et al, , 2008a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pathogenicity of avian leukosis viruses related to fowl glioma-inducing virus

et al. 2011

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Fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGV), which belongs to avian leukosis virus subgroup A, causes the so-called fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia in chickens. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of four isolates (Tym-43, U-1, Sp-40 and Sp-53) related to the FGV prototype were determined and their pathogenicity was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 3?-long terminal repeat of all isolates grouped together in a cluster, while sequences of the surface (SU) proteins encoded by the env gene of these viruses had 85 to 96% identity with the corresponding region of FGV. The SU regions of Tym-43, U-1 and FGV grouped together in a cluster, but those of Sp-40 and Sp-53 formed a completely separate cluster. Next, C/O specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated in ovo with these isolates as well as the chimeric virus RCAS(A)-(FGVenvSU), constructed by substituting the SU region of FGV into the retroviral vector RCAS(A). The four variants induced fowl glioma and cerebellar hypoplasia and the birds inoculated with Sp-53 had the most severe lesions. In contrast, RCAS(A)-(FGVenvSU) provoked only mild non-suppurative inflammation. These results suggest that the ability to induce brain lesions similar to those of the FGV prototype is still preserved in these FGV variants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pathogenicity of avian leukosis viruses related to fowl glioma-inducing virus

et al. 2011

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“…The high incidence of tumors decreases production, and virus eradication increases production costs (7,22,28). Simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic methods for detection of ALV-J need to be developed to address the need for the rapid diagnosis (16,17,26,27). Routine PCR, an important method for detection of ALV-J, requires high-precision instruments, considerable operator skill, and 3 to 4 h for amplification, making it rather difficult to adapt for rapid detection of ALV-J in the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR and real-time quantitative PCR methods were developed for detection of ALV-J (16,17,26,27). However, PCR requires considerable operator skills and expensive equipment; thus, its application is limited in the field.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus

et al. 2010

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Infection of breeder flocks in China with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) has increased recently. In this study, we have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of ALV-J from culture isolates and clinical samples. The ALV-J-specific LAMP assay efficiently amplified the target gene within 45 min at 63°C using only a simple laboratory water bath. To determine the specificity of the LAMP assay, various subgroup ALVs and other related viruses were detected. A ladder pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed for ALV-J isolates but not for other viruses. To evaluate the sensitivities of the LAMP assay and conventional PCR, the NX0101 isolate plasmid DNA was amplified by them. The detection limit of the LAMP assay was 5 target gene copies/reaction, which was up to 20 times higher than that of conventional PCR. To evaluate the application of the LAMP assay for detection of ALV-J in clinical samples, 49 samples suspected of ALV infection from breeder flocks were tested by the LAMP assay and PCR. Moreover, virus isolation from these samples was also performed using cell culture. The positive-sample ratios were 21/49 (43%) by conventional PCR, 26/49 (53%) by the LAMP assay, and 19/46 (41%) by virus isolation. Additionally, a positive LAMP reaction can be visually ascertained by the observation of turbidity or a color change after addition of SYBR green I dye. Consequently, the LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic method and can potentially be developed for rapid detection of ALV-J infection in the field.Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), which belong to the Alpharetrovirus genus of the family Retroviridae, can induce transmissible benign and malignant neoplasms in poultry (13, 24). ALVs are divided into subgroups based primarily on virus neutralization, their host range, and viral interference patterns (4, 5, 13). The envelope glycoprotein (gp85) is responsible for subgroup specificity. In general, the endogenous nonpathogenic subgroup E viruses are present in nearly all chicken lines (13,26). Subgroup C and D viruses are rarely seen in the field. The exogenous viruses (subgroups A, B, and J) mainly induce lymphoid leukosis (LL) and myeloid leukosis (ML) in field flocks (13). In the late 1980s, the prototype strain of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), HPRS-103, was first isolated from commercial meat-type chickens in the United Kingdom (22). ALV-J infection subsequently caused heavy losses worldwide in broiler breeder stocks. Many strains of ALV-J have been reported worldwide in the past 20 years (2,11,30). Sequence analysis has demonstrated that the gp85 genes of subgroups A to E are closely related, sharing around 85% nucleotide sequence identity with each other. However, the HPRS-103 gp85 gene shares only 40% identity with members of other subgroups. The gp85 genes of endogenous avian retroviral sequence (EAV-HP) elements share over 97% identity with that of ALV-J; thus, it was hypothesized that the new avian patho-

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“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on DNA extracted from frozen brain tissue for ALV, Marek's disease virus serotype 1 and chicken parvovirus as described previously (Chang et al, 2002;Hatai et al, 2005;Zsak et al, 2008;Tarasiuk et al, 2012). The PCR products were electrophoresed through 1.5% agarose gels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital cerebellar dysplasia in White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

et al. 2014

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Congenital cerebellar anomalies have been rarely reported in birds. We examined cerebellums with disorganized folia from seven specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Islands of heterotopic cortex were distributed from the deeper cortices to the medulla in the cerebellum. The characteristic lesions were composed of randomly admixed components of the cerebellar cortex, including Purkinje cells, a molecular layer and granular cells. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed Purkinje cells with haphazardly extended dendrites and a lack of Bergmann's glial fibres in the foci. Chicken parvovirus, Aino virus and avian retrovirus were not detected in the affected birds by polymerase chain reaction. This is the first report of cerebellar dysplasia in chickens possibly caused by a genetic abnormality.

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Nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of the avian leukosis virus causing so-called fowl glioma

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Pathogenicity of avian leukosis viruses related to fowl glioma-inducing virus

Pathogenicity of avian leukosis viruses related to fowl glioma-inducing virus

Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus

Congenital cerebellar dysplasia in White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

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