Network formation by epoxidised soybean oil in plastisol poly(vinyl chloride)

Karmalm, Pernilla; Hjertberg, Thomas; Jansson, Andreas; Dahl, Roger W.; Ankner, K.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.07.029

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…272 In the absence of PVC, the degradation reaction is intermolecular formation of ether. 276 The ring opening of the epoxy which starts the polymerization of epoxidized soybean oil is likely catalyzed by an additive used in the polymerization of plastisol PVC. 272 Fully epoxi- dized soybean oil (7.0 wt.% oxirane oxygen) contains two types of oxirane groups: type I which begins to undergo thermal ring-opening at about 175 o C and type II which opens at > 325 o C. 272 Both ring openings are exothermic and irreversible.…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degradation in the presence of PVC is facilitated by reaction with hydrogen chloride generated by polymer degradation. 276 Fatty acid epoxy esters are used as bio-based plasticizers/stabilizers. 272 The type I oxirane groups account for approximately one-third of the total oxirane content of fully epoxidized soybean oil whereas the partially epoxidized soybean oil (3.28 wt.% oxirane oxygen) contains only type II oxirane rings.…”

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles of Stabilization

Wypych¹

2015

PVC Degradation and Stabilization

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Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of Stabilization

Wypych¹

2015

PVC Degradation and Stabilization

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“…1) is one of the most common vegetable oil feedstocks used in industry, traditionally it has been used as a plasticizer for PVC [22,23], as well as for producing polyesters from anhydrides [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Properties of Polyesters from Waste Grapeseed Oil: Comparison with Soybean and Rapeseed Oils

2016

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The aim of this study was to investigate the application of grapeseed oil, a waste product from the wine industry, as a renewable feedstock to make polyesters and to compare the properties of these materials with those derived from soybean and rapeseed oils. All three oils were epoxidized to give renewable epoxy monomers containing between 3.8 and 4.7 epoxides per molecule. Polymerisation was achieved with cyclic anhydrides catalysed by 4-methyl imidazole at 170 and 210°C. Polymers produced from methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (Aradur917 Ò ) had greater tensile strength and Young's Modulus (tensile strength = 12.8 MPa, Young's Modulus = 1005 MPa for grapeseed) than methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) derived materials (5.6 and 468 MPa for grapeseed) due to increased volume of MNA decreasing crosslink density. Soybean and grapeseed oils produced materials with higher tensile strength (5.6-29.3 MPa) than rapeseed derived polyesters (2.5-3.9 MPa) due to a higher epoxide functionality increasing crosslinking. T g 's of the polyesters ranged from -36 to 62°C and mirrored the trend in epoxide functionality with grapeseed producing higher T g polymers (-17 to 17°C) than soybean (-25 to 6°C) and rapeseed (-36 to -27°C). Grapeseed oil showed similar properties to soybean oil in terms of T g , thermal degradation and Young's Modulus but produced polymers of lower tensile strength.Therefore grapeseed oil would only be a viable substitute for soybean for low stress applications or where thermal properties are more important.

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“…As a result, over the last couple of decades several vegetable oils have emerged in the plasticizer and stabilizer market. These mostly include epoxidized soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil and others (Bouchareb and Benaniba, 2008;Karmalm et al, 2009aKarmalm et al, , 2009bGall and Greenspan, 1955;Bueno-Ferrer et al, 2010;Demertzis et al, 1991;Gibbons and Kusy, 1996;Gil et al, 2006;Baltacioglu and Balköse, 1999;Benaniba et al, 2001;Benecke et al, 2004). However, the most disturbing problem associated with the use of external plasticizers has been their evaporation, leaching and migration into their immediate surroundings and has remained largely unsolved until date (Kastner et al, 2012;Campbell and McConnell, 1980;Lau and Wong, 2000;Tsumura et al, 2001;Hammarling et al, 1998;Tsumura et al, 2002;Horn et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxidized Esters of Palm Kernel Oil as an Effective Plasticizer for PVC: A Study of Mechanical Properties and Effect of Processing Conditions

Dutta

Das

Kundu

2014

International Polymer Processing

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One of the most commonly used vegetable oil plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). On the contrary, epoxidized palm oil is among the least used, because of its low compatibility with PVC. This work reports that epoxidized and esterified palm kernel oil (EEPKO) has the potential to be used as a plasticizer for PVC. In this study, it was found that a maximum of 65 phr of EEPKO could be incorporated within the PVC resin. In addition, subjecting this EEPKO plasticized PVC (p-PVC) at a processing temperature of 200 8C resulted in much reduced plasticizer loss. EEPKO lowers the glass transition temperature of PVC from 79 8Ct o -23 8C. The optimum mechanical properties, namely tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness, were obtained for p-PVC processed at 200 8C. REGULAR CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES Intern. Polymer Processing XXIX (2014) 4 Ó Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 495

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Network formation by epoxidised soybean oil in plastisol poly(vinyl chloride)

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

Principles of Stabilization

Principles of Stabilization

Synthesis and Properties of Polyesters from Waste Grapeseed Oil: Comparison with Soybean and Rapeseed Oils

Epoxidized Esters of Palm Kernel Oil as an Effective Plasticizer for PVC: A Study of Mechanical Properties and Effect of Processing Conditions

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