Network science landers for Mars

Harri, A. M.; Marsal, O.; Lognonné, Philippe; Leppelmeier, G. W.; Spohn, Tilman; Glaßmeier, K.‐H.; Angrilli, Francesco; Banerdt, W. B.; Barriot, Jean‐Pierre; Bertaux, Jean-Loup; Berthelier, J. J.; Calcutt, S. B.; Cerisier, J. C.; Crisp, David; Déhant, V.; Giardini, Domenico; Jaumann, R.; Langevin, Y.; Menvielle, M.; Musmann, G.; Pommereau, Jean‐Pierre; Pippo, Simonetta Di; Guerrier, D.; Kumpulainen, K.; Larsen, Søren Ejling; Mocquet, A.; Polkko, J.; Runavot, J.; Schumacher, William; Siili, T.; Simola, J.; Tillman, J. E.

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00279-3

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such small amplitude of the ICW is far below the present level of observation precision. For instance, in the case of the NetLander mission (Harri et al 1999;Dehant et al 2004), which had a dedicated geodesy mission, a precision on the polar motion determination at the level of a few centimeters was expected (Barriot et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation of Mars polar motion

Déhant¹,

Viron²,

Karatekin³

et al. 2006

A&A

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In this paper, computations of Mars' polar motion are presented for Mars models with three homogeneous layers as a function of the radius of the inner core and for different excitation possibilities (atmosphere, ice caps, quakes). We estimated the amplitude of the two polar motion normal modes, i.e. the Chandler wobble and the Inner Core wobble, resulting from atmospheric excitation and for a reasonable interval of damping factor values. We show that the signature of the inner core in the polar motion is very small and is unlikely to be detected with the present observational precision. We further investigated the possibility of exciting the normal modes of Mars' polar motion through Marsquakes and show that the predicted quake moments are not large enough to excite polar motion to an observable level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation of Mars polar motion

Déhant¹,

Viron²,

Karatekin³

et al. 2006

A&A

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“…A "tension cone" refers to a type of inflatable decelerator shaped so as to contain tensile stresses; e.g. see Clark et al (2009) Harri et al, 1999, andLinkin et al, 1998) for entry, descent and landing. Heavier semi-hard landers, e.g.…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Mars Lander Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several different network concepts -differing in size and complexity of individual landers as well as number of landers forming the network -have been proposed (MESUR study report; Chicarro et al, 1993;Chicarro, 1994;Merrihew et al, 1996;Haberle and Catling, 1996;Linkin et al, 1998;Harri et al, 1999Harri et al, , 2007. A spatially wide and comprehensive network alone would provide a significant leap in spatial and temporal (from diurnal to seasonal and up to interannual scales) characterisation of the global circulation patterns and the major climatological cycles of dust, H 2 O and CO 2 (Savijärvi et al, 2005;Harri et al, 2014b, a;Savijärvi et al, 2016).…”

Section: Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A.-M. Harri et al: The MetNet vehicle coverage at several locations (MESUR study report; Chicarro et al, 1993;Harri et al, 1998;Linkin et al, 1998;Harri et al, 1999Harri et al, , 2007 with extended temporal and simultaneous coverage, requiring the concurrent operation of several spacecraft. Current orbital and lander observations are restricted in spatial measurements primarily due to the low number of active spacecraft available (∼ 2) for making simultaneous coordinated observations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The MetNet vehicle: a lander to deploy environmental stations for local and global investigations of Mars

Harri

Pichkadze

Zeleny³

et al. 2017

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. Investigations of global and related local phenomena on Mars such as atmospheric circulation patterns, boundary layer phenomena, water, dust and climatological cycles and investigations of the planetary interior would benefit from simultaneous, distributed in situ measurements. Practically, such an observation network would require low-mass landers, with a high packing density, so a large number of landers could be delivered to Mars with the minimum number of launchers.The Mars Network Lander (MetNet Lander; MNL), a small semi-hard lander/penetrator design with a payload mass fraction of approximately 17 %, has been developed, tested and prototyped. The MNL features an innovative Entry, Descent and Landing System (EDLS) that is based on inflatable structures. The EDLS is capable of decelerating the lander from interplanetary transfer trajectories down to a surface impact speed of 50-70 m s −1 with a deceleration of < 500 g for < 20 ms. The total mass of the prototype design is ≈ 24 kg, with ≈ 4 kg of mass available for the payload.The EDLS is designed to orient the penetrator for a vertical impact. As the payload bay will be embedded in the surface materials, the bay's temperature excursions will be much less than if it were fully exposed on the Martian surface, allowing a reduction in the amount of thermal insulation and savings on mass.The MNL is well suited for delivering meteorological and atmospheric instruments to the Martian surface. The payload concept also enables the use of other environmental instruments. The small size and low mass of a MNL makes it ideally suited for piggy-backing on larger spacecraft. MNLs are designed primarily for use as surface networks but could also be used as pathfinders for high-value landed missions.

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“…It may also be deposited on the surface as a frost as observed by the Phoenix and Viking 2 landers. On Mars the thermal properties of the regolith could then change noticeable over seasonal and daily time periods due to the exchange of volatiles between the regolith and the atmosphere (Svitek and Murray, 1990;Harri et al, 1999).…”

Section: Heat Transfer In Porous Planetary Regolithsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating thermal properties of gas-filled planetary regoliths using a thermal probe

Paton

Harri

Mäkinen

et al. 2012

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. We introduce a general purpose penetrator, fitted with a heater, for measuring temperature and thermal diffusivity. Due to its simplicity of deployment and operation the penetrator is well suited for remote deployment by spacecraft into a planetary regolith. Thermal measurements in planetary regoliths are required to determine the surface energy balance and to measure their thermal properties. If the regolith is on a planet with an atmosphere a good understanding of the role of convection is required to properly interpret the measurements. This could also help to identify the significant heat and mass exchange mechanisms between the regolith and the atmosphere. To understand the role of convection in our regolith analogues we use a network of temperature sensors placed in the target. In practical applications a penetrator will push material out of the way as it enters a target possible changing its thermal properties. To investigate this effect a custom built test rig, that precisely controls and monitors the motion of the penetrator, is used. The thermal diffusivity of limestone powder and sand is derived by fitting a numerical thermal model to the temperature measurements.Convection seems to play an important role in the transfer of heat in this case. Firstly a diffusion-convection model fits the laboratory data better than a diffusivity-only model. Also the diffusivity derived from a diffusivity-convection model was found to be in good agreement with diffusivity derived using other methods published in the literature. Thermal diffusivity measurements, inspection of the horizontal temperature profiles and visual observations suggests that limestone powder is compacted more readily than sand during entry of the penetrator into the target. For both regolith analogues the disturbance of material around the penetrator was determined to have an insignificant effect on the diffusivity measurements in this case.

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Network science landers for Mars

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Excitation of Mars polar motion

Excitation of Mars polar motion

The MetNet vehicle: a lander to deploy environmental stations for local and global investigations of Mars

Investigating thermal properties of gas-filled planetary regoliths using a thermal probe

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