Network structure of projections extending from peripheral neurons in the tunic of ascidian larva

Terakubo, Hiroshi Q.; Nakajima, Yoko; Sasakura, Yasunori; Horie, Takeo; Konno, Alu; Takahashi, Hiroshi; Inaba, Kazuo; Hotta, Kohji; Oka, Kotaro

doi:10.1002/dvdy.22361

Cited by 16 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Consistent with this hypothesis, posterior and anterior vCENs derive from different epidermis precursor blastomeres at the onset of gastrula and thus have a partially distinct lineage history [38]. These two neuronal subpopulations may form in response to distinct developmental programs, as it is also suggested by the observation that the anterior vCENs are absent in the distantly related ascidian Halocynthia roretzi [41], [42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Antagonizing Retinoic Acid and FGF/MAPK Pathways Control Posterior Body Patterning in the Invertebrate Chordate Ciona intestinalis

et al. 2012

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Vertebrate embryos exploit the mutual inhibition between the RA and FGF signalling pathways to coordinate the proliferative elongation of the main body axis with the progressive patterning and differentiation of its neuroectodermal and paraxial mesodermal structures. The evolutionary history of this patterning system is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role played by the RA and FGF/MAPK signals during the development of the tail structures in the tunicate Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate belonging to the sister clade of vertebrates, in which the prototypical chordate body plan is established through very derived morphogenetic processes. Ciona embryos are constituted of few cells and develop according to a fixed lineage; elongation of the tail occurs largely by rearrangement of postmitotic cells; mesoderm segmentation and somitogenesis are absent. We show that in the Ciona embryo, the antagonism of the RA and FGF/MAPK signals is required to control the anteroposterior patterning of the tail epidermis. We also demonstrate that the RA, FGF/MAPK and canonical Wnt pathways control the anteroposterior patterning of the tail peripheral nervous system, and reveal the existence of distinct subpopulations of caudal epidermal neurons with different responsiveness to the RA, FGF/MAPK and canonical Wnt signals. Our data provide the first demonstration that the use of the antagonism between the RA and FGF signals to pattern the main body axis predates the emergence of vertebrates and highlight the evolutionary plasticity of this patterning strategy, showing that in different chordates it can be used to pattern different tissues within the same homologous body region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Antagonizing Retinoic Acid and FGF/MAPK Pathways Control Posterior Body Patterning in the Invertebrate Chordate Ciona intestinalis

et al. 2012

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“…; Imai & Meinertzhagen ; Terakubo et al . ). The tunic is the cellulose‐containing matrix surrounding the ascidian body (Ranby ; Sasakura et al .…”

Section: Further Specification Of the Neural‐fated Cells To Constructmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ascidians as excellent chordate models for studying the development of the nervous system during embryogenesis and metamorphosis

et al. 2012

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The swimming larvae of the chordate ascidians possess a dorsal hollowed central nervous system (CNS), which is homologous to that of vertebrates. Despite the homology, the ascidian CNS consists of a countable number of cells. The simple nervous system of ascidians provides an excellent experimental system to study the developmental mechanisms of the chordate nervous system. The neural fate of the cells consisting of the ascidian CNS is determined in both autonomous and non-autonomous fashion during the cleavage stage. The ascidian neural plate performs the morphogenetic movement of neural tube closure that resembles that in vertebrate neural tube formation. Following neurulation, the CNS is separated into five distinct regions, whose homology with the regions of vertebrate CNS has been discussed. Following their larval stage, ascidians undergo a metamorphosis and become sessile adults. The metamorphosis is completed quickly, and therefore the metamorphosis of ascidians is a good experimental system to observe the reorganization of the CNS during metamorphosis. A recent study has shown that the major parts of the larval CNS remain after the metamorphosis to form the adult CNS. In contrast to such a conserved manner of CNS reorganization, most larval neurons disappear during metamorphosis. The larval glial cells in the CNS are the major source for the formation of the adult CNS, and some of the glial cells produce adult neurons.

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“…At the anterior end lies the sensory vesicle (SV). Next is the motor ganglion (MG), comprised of motor neurons and interneurons that drive the swimming behavior of the larva (Bone 1992 ;Horie et al 2010 ). Posterior to the brain is the neck, an undifferentiated mass of neural progenitors that will give rise to certain branchiomeric neurons of the adult (Dufour et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Central Nervous System Patterningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunicata

Stolfi¹,

Brown²

2015

Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 6

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Network structure of projections extending from peripheral neurons in the tunic of ascidian larva

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Antagonizing Retinoic Acid and FGF/MAPK Pathways Control Posterior Body Patterning in the Invertebrate Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Antagonizing Retinoic Acid and FGF/MAPK Pathways Control Posterior Body Patterning in the Invertebrate Chordate Ciona intestinalis

Ascidians as excellent chordate models for studying the development of the nervous system during embryogenesis and metamorphosis

Tunicata

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