Neural Dynamics of Olfactory Perception: Low- and High-Frequency Modulations of Local Field Potential Spectra in Mice Revealed by an Oddball Stimulus

Abstract

Recent brain connectome studies have evidenced distinct and overlapping brain regions involved in processing olfactory perception. However, neural correlates of hypo- or anosmia in olfactory disorder patients are poorly known. Furthermore, the bottom-up and top-down processing of olfactory perception have not been well-documented, resulting in difficulty in locating the disease foci of olfactory disorder patients. The primary aim of this study is to characterize the bottom-up process of the neural dynamics across peripheral and central brain regions in anesthetized mice. We particularly focused on the neural oscillations of local field potential (LFP) in olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory blub (OB), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and hippocampus (HC) during an olfactory oddball paradigm in urethane anesthetized mice. Odorant presentations evoked neural oscillations across slow and fast frequency bands including delta (1–4 Hz), theta (6–10 Hz), beta (15–30 Hz), low gamma (30–50 Hz), and high gamma (70–100 Hz) in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and the increases were more prominent in the infrequently presented odorant. During 5 s odorant exposures, the oscillatory responses in power were persistent in OE, OB, and PFC, whereas neural oscillations of HC increased only for short time at stimulus onset. These oscillatory responses in power were insignificant in both peripheral and central regions of the ZnSO 4 -treated anosmia model. These results suggest that olfactory stimulation induce LFP oscillations both in the peripheral and central nervous systems and suggest the possibility of linkage of LFP oscillations in the brain to the oscillations in the peripheral olfactory system.

Cortical Microcircuit Mechanisms of Mismatch Negativity and Its Underlying Subcomponents

“…Taken together the evidence supports conclusions drawn from human MMN studies and suggests that DD is a complex process that is separable from SSA in neural recordings (Csépe, 1995;Ruusuvirta et al, 1998;Jung et al, 2013;Shiramatsu et al, 2013;Harms et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Hamm and Yuste, 2016;Kum et al, 2019); however, additional work is required to truly dissect individual mechanisms of each process. It has yet to be demonstrated whether DD in the cortex can exist without the presence of a locally, alternatively ''adapted'' population of neurons (or at least adapted upstream inputs).…”

Hemodynamic Analysis for Olfactory Perceptual Degradation Assessment Using Generalized Type-2 Fuzzy Regression

“…erception, which usually refers to the process of understanding and interpreting stimuli [1], has diversity in the context of reference of specific sensory modalities [2]. Olfaction is one of the primitive modalities of perception for both the humans and other living creatures [3], [4]. In humans, olfaction plays a vital role in food selection [5], and security-awareness of the workers in mines and chemical industries [6], [7].…”

“…A couple of studies [21], [22] further envisage that prefrontal and temporal lobes are respectively responsible for odor recognition and encoding in Long-Term Memory (LTM) [23]. Importance of odor intensities/concentrations is also examined on different living creatures [3], [4] to detect/discriminate natural odorants for their survival.…”

Location-Specific Facilitation in Primate Auditory Cortex

“…Visual and somatosensory neurons exhibit SSA in both spatial (Kohn and Movshon, 2003; Liu et al, 2017) or non-spatial (Movshon and Lennie, 1979; Maravall et al, 2007) domains. In contrast, in the auditory and olfactory systems, SSA has been studied mainly by presenting stimuli with two different frequencies (Natan et al, 2015; Kato et al, 2015; Harpaz et al, 2021) or odorants (Kum et al, 2019).…”