Neural pathways mediating hypothalamically elicited flight behavior in the cat

Fuchs, Susan A.G.; Siegel, Allan

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90376-7

Cited by 46 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…A body of literature suggests that CRH neurons in the CM-Sf complex may participate in processing somatosensory and visceral information related to stress. (Kaelber and Mitchell, 1975; Kaelber et al , 1975; Fuchs and Siegel, 1984; Hsu et al , 2001; Parent and Parent, 2005). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction in Female Macaques

2008

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It is now well accepted that stress can precipitate mental and physical illness. However, it is becoming clear that given the same stress, some individuals are very vulnerable and will succumb to illness while others are more resilient and cope effectively, rather than becoming ill. This difference between individuals is called stress sensitivity. Stress-sensitivity of an individual appears to be influenced by genetically inherited factors, early life (even prenatal) stress, and by the presence or absence of factors that provide protection from stress. In comparison to other stress-related diseases, the concept of sensitivity versus resilience to stress-induced reproductive dysfunction has received relatively little attention. The studies presented herein were undertaken to begin to identify stable characteristics and the neural underpinnings of individuals with sensitivity to stress-induced reproductive dysfunction. Female cynomolgus macaques with normal menstrual cycles either stop ovulating (Stress Sensitive) or to continue to ovulate (Stress Resilient) upon exposure to a combined metabolic and psychosocial stress. However, even in the absence of stress, the stress sensitive animals have lower secretion of the ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, have higher heart rates, have lower serotonin function, have fewer serotonin neurons and lower expression of pivotal serotonin-related genes, have lower expression of 5HT2A and 2C genes in the hypothalamus, have higher gene expression of GAD67 and CRH in the hypothalamus and have reduced GnRH transport to the anterior pituitary. Altogether, the results suggest that the neurobiology of reproductive circuits in stress sensitive individuals is compromised. We speculate that with the application of stress, the dysfunction of these neural systems becomes exacerbated and reproductive function ceases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction in Female Macaques

2008

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“…This interpretation is further strengthened by the finding that the lesion also modified the effects of chlordiazepoxide on entries into the distal portions of the open arms and the time the rats spent there. Graeff et al (1996) have previously reported differential regulation by the dorsal raphé 5-HT system of these two aspects of behaviour in the open arm, and the dorsomedial hypothalamus is an area that has been particularly associated with mediating escape behaviours (Fuchs and Siegel 1984;Brandao et al 1986;Milani and Graeff 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus in Mediating the Response to Benzodiazepines on Trial 2 in the Elevated Plus-Maze Test of Anxiety

File

González

Gallant

1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…The CM-Pf nuclei in primates project to the striatum, premotor and motor cortex [41]. The CM-Pf is considered part of the neuronal circuit that receives hypothalamic connections associated with the escape response to stress [42]. In rodents, CRH mRNA increases following stress in a thalamic region located at the interface of the central medial and ventral posteromedial nucleus [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Pro-Opiomelanocortin Gene Expression in Female Monkeys with Differences in Sensitivity to Stress

Centeno

Sanchez

Reddy³

et al. 2007

Neuroendocrinology

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Background/Aims: The expressions of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) were assessed in brain tissue collected from nonstressed female cynomolgus monkeys previously categorized as highly stress resilient (HSR), medium stress resilient (MSR), or stress sensitive (SS) with respect to stress-induced anovulation. Methods: In situ hybridization and quantitative image analysis was used to measure mRNAs coding for CRH in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and thalamic center median-subfascicular complex (CM-Sf). Then, CRH neurons in the PVN were immunostained and the area of immunostaining was measured. Also, CRH fibers were immunostained in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the area of immunostaining was obtained. Finally, POMC mRNA expression was characterized in the hypothalamic infundibular nucleus. The groups were compared with ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keul’s (SNK) post hoc comparison. Results: CRH mRNA was significantly elevated in the caudal PVN in the MSR and SS animals compared to HSR animals (p < 0.05, SNK). There was a significant increase in average and total CRH-positive area in the MSR and SS groups compared to the HSR group (p < 0.05, SNK). There was also a significant increase in CRH volume in the MSR and SS groups compared to the HSR group (p < 0.05, SNK). In the CM-Sf, the average CRH optical density was significantly higher in the MSR and SS groups than in the HSR group (p < 0.05, SNK). In the central nucleus of the amygdala, the area of CRH fiber staining was significantly higher in the SS group than in the MSR or HSR groups (p < 0.05, SNK). There was no difference between the groups in POMC mRNA expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Conclusion: Macaques that exhibit immediate suppression of reproductive function upon stress are considered stress sensitive. These animals have elevated CRH in the hypothalamus and limbic structures, which may play a role in suppressing the hypothalamic-gonadal axis upon stress initiation.

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Neural pathways mediating hypothalamically elicited flight behavior in the cat

Cited by 46 publications

References 58 publications

Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction in Female Macaques

Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction in Female Macaques

Role of the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus in Mediating the Response to Benzodiazepines on Trial 2 in the Elevated Plus-Maze Test of Anxiety

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Pro-Opiomelanocortin Gene Expression in Female Monkeys with Differences in Sensitivity to Stress

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