Neurodegenerative Disorders Progression

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a diverse group of disorders characterized by selective and progressive loss of neural systems that cause dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS). The examples of NDs include Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). The aggregated proteins block or disrupt the normal proteosomal turnover, autophagy, and become abnormally modified with time, generating toxicity via pathways thereby resulting in neurodegeneration and neuron death. The chapter highlights the understanding in the areas of AD, PD, HD as illustrative of major research so as to define the key factors and events in the improvement of NDs. It defines the physiological functioning of neural transmission (presynaptic, postsynaptic activity) at neural signaling pathway, then the dynamics of neuronal dysfunctioning and its molecular mechanism. Further, it also discusses the progression from synaptic dysfunction to transmission failure followed by NDs.

Reference gene selection and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform expression in muscle tissues of domestic yak (Bos grunniens)

“…UXT serves as a cofactor which regulates gene transcription, and it also plays an essential role in concert with the corepressor URI1 to regulate androgen receptor AR-mediated transcription [46]. UXT has previously been found suitable as a reference gene for cells and tissues of some ruminants, including taurine cattle, zebu, riverine buffalo, and goat [47][48][49]. Recent studies showed that UXT was also selected as a suitable reference gene in yak.…”

Convenient synthesis of novel pyrimido[4,5‐b][1,5]benzothiazepines

“…Among the privileged heterocyclic scaffolds, [1,5]benzothiazepines and fused [1,5]benzothiazepines were on the scope of chemists efforts for several years. [ 1,2 ] These compounds have been described as Calcium channel blockers, [ 3–6 ] hypotensive, [ 7–10 ] drugs of liver diseases, [ 11,12 ] antidepressants, [ 13–15 ] anticholinesterase inhibitors, [ 16–17 ] anticancer, [ 18–23 ] diuretics, [ 24 ] antimicrobials, [ 25–38 ] anti HIV, [ 39–41 ] and antituberculosis [ 42,43 ] agents. The useful procedures for the preparation of 1,5‐benzothiazepines are mainly based on the condensation of 2‐aminobenzenethiol with α,β‐unsaturated ketones.…”

Synthesis of Indane‐Based 1,5‐Benzothiazepines Derived from 3‐Phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one and Antimicrobial Studies Thereof

“…In addition, dihydro 1,5‐benzothiazepines have turned out to be fascinating pharmacophores as many derivatives exhibit a plethora of activities like antimicrobial , anti‐HIV , anticancer , antifeedant , antiulcer , anti‐inflammatory , anticonvulsant , and antiplatelet aggregation activities. The pharmaceutical prominence of 1,5‐benzothiazepines has encouraged the researchers all over the world, and many reviews have been documented in the literature, which compiled various aspects related to their synthetic advances and biological importance. Consequently, several synthetic protocols have been developed to access this biodynamic skeleton .…”