Neurogenic Inflammation of Gingivomucosal Tissue in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rat

Abstract

Previously it was assumed that nerve fibres are involved in the neurogenic inflammation induced by mechanical or chemical irriations. It has been also suggested that in diabetes mellitus the unmyelinated small diameter fibers are impaired as a result of diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, our aim was to study the alterations of the nerve processes in the gingivomucosal tissue in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Light- and electronmicroscopical examinations were made to analyze the changes in nerve fibres. After one week of steptozotocin treatment, the gingivomucosal tissue had inflammatory cell infiltration and some degenerated nerve fibres were also observed. Dense mitochondria, disorganization of cell organelles, and appearance of myelin-like dense bodies were found in the axons of degenerared nerve fibres. Semiquantitative analysis showed that 14 +/- 4% of the unmyelinated nerve fibres degenerated after one week of STZ treatment. However, degeneration of the myelinated nerve fibers was not observed. Two weeks after STZ treatment, most of the unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers showed degeneration (86 +/- 5%) and the placement of the ligature revealed a non-inflammatory connective tissue adjacent to a normal epithelium. The myelin sheath was disrupted and dark axoplasm with cytolysosomes became manifest. These findings demonstrated that both unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers are altered and inflammatory reaction exists in the gingivomucosal tissue only in the early stage of diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 Diabetes and Periodontal Health

“…They found tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells and signs of degeneration in the nerves, such as dense mitochondria, disorganization of cell organelles, and appearance of myelin-like dense bodies in axons of both unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers. 36 As the associations of microvascular pathology with periodontal disease are better examined and described, the above finding suggests the role of neuropathy in developing periodontopathy in diabetes. More studies are needed to establish the exact linking mechanisms.…”

Changes of the Different Neuropeptide‐Containing Nerve Fibers and Immunocells in the Diabetic Rat's Alimentary Tract

“…[9][10][11] It has been suggested that in the early stage of diabetes mellitus both unmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibers are altered due to neurogenic inflammation. 12,13 Changes of the different neuropeptide contents were also demonstrated in various organs. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] It was also shown that the diabetes of 4 and 32 weeks duration induced an increase in the tissue content of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the gastroduodenum of rat.…”

Effect of Topically- Applied Hyaluronan on the Expression of Prolyl 4- Hydroxylase in Gingivitis of Diabetic Rats

“…Rawand Samy Abu Nahla (1) , Marwa -El Sheikh (1) and Abeer Gawish Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is agroup of metabolic disorder manifested by abnormally high-level of glucose. The hyperglycemic state developed from either a deficiency in insulin secretion or an impaired cellular resistance to the action of insulin and it is associated with a number of complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, angiopathy, atherosclerosis, impaired wound healing, and periodontal disease (2,3) .…”

“…The initial factor is the microbial stimuli which stimulate the host response and its defense capacity to; systemic factors modify all forms of gingivitis and periodontitis through their effect on physiological immune and inflammatory defense (1) .…”