Neuroimaging and Dissociative Disorders

Staniloiu, Angelica; Vitcu, Irina; Markowitsch, Hans J.

doi:10.5772/30746

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…In one case of Ganser syndrome, an overall significant hypometabolism was associated with a pseudo-dementic picture and conversion symptoms. No cerebral lesions were observed in anatomic MR imaging (Staniloiu & Markowitsch, 2010;Staniloiu, Victu, & Markowitsch, 2012). Our results confirm that a phenomenon of cerebral repression in a large cerebral network including temporal and frontal cortices and the caudate nucleus could be involved, even with no brain lesion, as reported by Staniloiu and colleagues (Staniloiu & Markowitsch, 2010;Staniloiu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…No cerebral lesions were observed in anatomic MR imaging (Staniloiu & Markowitsch, 2010;Staniloiu, Victu, & Markowitsch, 2012). Our results confirm that a phenomenon of cerebral repression in a large cerebral network including temporal and frontal cortices and the caudate nucleus could be involved, even with no brain lesion, as reported by Staniloiu and colleagues (Staniloiu & Markowitsch, 2010;Staniloiu et al, 2012). The severe and diffuse hypoperfusion found in the SPECT of our patient seems to correlate with the severity of Ganser syndrome, inducing both dissociative and somatoform disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

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Conversion, dissociative amnesia, and Ganser syndrome in a case of “chameleon” syndrome: Anatomo-functional findings

et al. 2012

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The term "chameleon" was first used in the seventeenth century by Sydenham to describe a patient with a protean semiology. We report a single case of "chameleon" syndrome that challenges the current international criteria for somatoform disorders, dissociative amnesia, and Ganser syndrome. The florid symptoms were as follows: anterograde and retrograde amnesia (including semantic, episodic, and procedural deficits), loss of identity, atypical neuropsychological impairment (approximate answers), left sensitive and motor deficit, and left pseudochoreoathetosis movement disorders. Additional behavioral disorders included the following: anxiety, clouded consciousness, hallucinations, and "belle indifference". A single photon emission computed tomography examination showed bilateral temporal, frontal and a right caudate (in the head of the caudate nucleus) hypoperfusion concordant with a common mechanism of repression in these disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Conversion, dissociative amnesia, and Ganser syndrome in a case of “chameleon” syndrome: Anatomo-functional findings

et al. 2012

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“…Ważne są również anatomiczne i funkcjonalne różnice między mózgami kobiet a mózgami mężczyzn, nie zawsze brane pod uwagę w analizie wyników badań (Blihar et al, 2020). Najczęściej stwierdzanymi nieprawidłowościami u pacjentów dysocjacyjnych są wyraźne zmiany w wielkości hipokampa i ciała migdałowatego, pełniących niezwykle istotną funkcję w procesach pamięci, przetwarzania emocjonalnego i szeroko pojętego afektu (Staniloiu et al, 2012). Badania z użyciem funkcjonalnego rezonansu magnetycznego wskazują na znaczne zmniejszenie objętości hipokampa u osób z DID -nawet do 19% -w porównaniu z osobami zdrowymi (Vermetten et al, 2006).…”

Section: Funkcjonalne I Strukturalne Zmiany Mózgu W Did -Niejednoznaczne Wyniki Badańunclassified

“…Istnienie różnych części osobowości w DID jest uchwytne nie tylko fenomenologicznie, ale również neurobiologicznie. Badania neuroobrazowe pokazują różnice w funkcjonowaniu mózgu w zależności od aktualnie dominującej osobowości (Chung et al, 2006;Schlumpf et al, 2013;Staniloiu et al, 2012). Obecnie można wskazać dwie główne strategie badawcze dotyczące neurobiologicznego podłoża DID.…”

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Divided mind – divided brain. The neurobiology of dissociative identity disorder from the perspective of dynamical systems theory

Skałbania¹,

Polewik²,

Pietkiewicz³

et al. 2021

Psychiatr Psychol Kli

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Explaining the biology of dissociative identity disorder and its clinical aspects is one of the major challenges in modern neuroscience. The complexity and the unique nature of this disorder, coupled with insufficient biopsychological models needed for creating universal therapeutic procedures, make the treatment difficult. The vast majority of neuroimaging studies in dissociative identity disorder patients proved to be inconclusive. Abnormalities of particular brain structures do not explain the wide range of symptoms in dissociative identity disorder. Moreover, the findings are partly contradictory. Collecting adequate representative study samples is difficult and most reports are in fact single case studies. On top of that, meta-analyses show that patients with dissociative identity disorder usually present with additional mental problems, which makes interpretation of neuroimaging data extremely difficult. Nowadays, scientific research on dissociative identity disorder focuses on child trauma and its influence on the development of the central nervous system. This article is an overview of recent research on the neurobiology of dissociative identity disorder, with particular emphasis on the impact of childhood trauma on the development of the central nervous system. It focuses on hypotheses attempting to capture the specific dynamics of neural activity leading to neural network fragmentation, and uses the dynamical systems theory to describe this phenomenon.

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“…Both phenomena involve retrieval failures which have no overt physiological basis, but appear to be related to changes in executive functions such as attention monitoring and control ( Mendelsohn et al , 2008 ). Psychogenic amnesia and other functional syndromes are clinically classed as dissociative disorders and described as being ‘characterized by transient or chronic failures or disruptions of integration of otherwise integrated functions of consciousness, memory, perception, identity or emotion’ ( Staniloiu et al , 2012 ). Fugue states, multiple personality, somatizing and conversion disorders, spirit possession and mediumship all share in common dissociations in the conscious access of information and processes upon which the normal identity of the person is based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of retrieval in hypnotic amnesia: dissociation by upper-alpha gating

Jamieson

Kittenis

Tivadar

et al. 2017

Neuroscience of Consciousness

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Hypnotic amnesia is a functional dissociation from awareness during which information from specific neural processes is unavailable to consciousness. We test the proposal that changes in topographic patterns of cortical oscillations in upper-alpha (10–12 Hz) band selectively inhibit the recall of memories during hypnotic amnesia by blocking availability of locally processed information at specific points in retrieval. Participants were prescreened for high or low hypnotic susceptibility. Following hypnotic induction, participants were presented with a series of 60 face stimuli and were required to identify affective expressions. Participants received a suggestion for amnesia for these faces. They were then presented with a set of 30 old and 30 new faces and identified each as old or new. Amnesia suggestion was lifted and recall tested using the remaining 30 old faces and another 30 new faces. Exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography source analyses are reported for 64 channel event-related electroencephalogram recorded from highs showing reversible amnesia to old faces. For high-susceptible participants, the amnesia suggestion significantly increased old faces wrongly identified while for low-susceptible participants amnesia suggestion increased the new faces wrongly identified. There were no differences between high- and low-susceptible participants following reversal of the suggestion. For previously seen faces which were wrongly identified, compared to new faces correctly identified, (late) evoked upper-alpha is significantly higher in right BA7 in a region implicated in top-down executive control to assist recall of visual information. Lagged nonlinear connectivity between cortical sources in upper-alpha in the same condition showed significantly increased connectivity between right BA34 (parahippocampal gyrus) and right BAs 7, 20 and 22. Integration between these regions is essential for recall of recent faces. During amnesia, spatial and temporal coordination of upper-alpha appears to suppress integrated functioning of these regions (hence recall). These patterns were absent after reversal of amnesia suggestion.

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Neuroimaging and Dissociative Disorders

Cited by 11 publications

References 115 publications

Conversion, dissociative amnesia, and Ganser syndrome in a case of “chameleon” syndrome: Anatomo-functional findings

Conversion, dissociative amnesia, and Ganser syndrome in a case of “chameleon” syndrome: Anatomo-functional findings

Divided mind – divided brain. The neurobiology of dissociative identity disorder from the perspective of dynamical systems theory

Inhibition of retrieval in hypnotic amnesia: dissociation by upper-alpha gating

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