Neuron–astrocyte communication and synaptic plasticity

Morphometric assessment of toxicant induced neuronal degeneration in full and restricted contact co-cultures of embryonic cortical rat neurons and astrocytes: Using m-Dinitrobezene as a model neurotoxicant

“…Astrocyte processes make physical contact with postsynaptic and presynaptic neuron terminals at the “tripartite synapse,” where an astrocyte can receive synaptic signals and in turn modulate neuronal activity of the central nervous system. 2, 5 This intimate interaction governs a host of physiological and pathophysiological events associated with energy metabolism, neurotransmitter release, and signal transmission. 1–3, 6, 7 …”

Age-related changes in the hippocampus (loss of synaptophysin and glial–synaptic interaction) are modified by systemic treatment with an NCAM-derived peptide, FGL

“…Persistent changes in synaptic efficacy of neurons within the hippocampus result in long term potentiation (LTP) and this is believed to provide a basis for the storage of memory in the brain (Bliss and Collingridge, 1993). The close proximity of synaptic contacts to neuroglial (astrocyte and microglial) cell processes is vital in supporting synaptic function/activity (Barres, 2008;Paixao and Klein, 2010;Schultz et al, 1957). Astrocytic processes located at the synapse are known to communicate actively with the preand post-synaptic elements of neuronal terminals influencing a variety of synaptic functions (Giaume et al, 2010).…”

Neurobiological Bases of Learning and Their Role for the Paradigm Shift in Education

“…This process occurs in the synaptic cleft when the pre and post-synaptic regions interact, as well as with glial modulations (Paixao & Klein, 2010). In addition, it will depend on the anatomic region and the way it is modulated by various neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors (Bramham and Messaoudi 2005;Poo, 2001), and certain medications (Ron & Jurd, 2005).…”