Neuropathological changes produced by non-penetrating percussive captive bolt stunning of cattle

Finnie, JW

doi:10.1080/00480169.1995.35886

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Following slaughter by ventral-neck incision without stunning there is a period during which the animal is likely to be sensible (Levinger 1961;Newhook and Blackmore 1982ab;Gregory and Wotton 1984) and would therefore experience pain (Gibson et (Gibson et al 2009c) and result in immediate insensibility in calves (Blackmore 1979;Blackmore and Newhook 1982;Finnie 1995). After non-penetrative captive-bolt stunning, which followed ventral-neck incision, cortical function was immediately altered in all but two of the animals in the current study, from active EEG to transitional, high-amplitude low-frequency or isoelectric EEG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Amelioration of electroencephalographic responses to slaughter by non-penetrative captive-bolt stunning after ventral-neck incision in halothane-anaesthetised calves

Gibson

Johnson

Murrell

et al. 2009

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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Non-penetrative captive-bolt stunning after ventral-neck incision resulted in the cessation of functional cortical activity in the majority of calves. This procedure prevented the development of cerebrocortical responses to ventral-neck incision, demonstrated elsewhere, which would be painful in conscious animals subjected to this procedure. In addition, instances of carotid arterial occlusion had no significant effect on the decrease in arterial blood pressure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Amelioration of electroencephalographic responses to slaughter by non-penetrative captive-bolt stunning after ventral-neck incision in halothane-anaesthetised calves

Gibson

Johnson

Murrell

et al. 2009

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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“…Physical disruption of brain activity, whether by gunshot, captive bolt, cerebral electrocution, blunt force trauma, or maceration, produces instantaneous unconsciousness by destroying or rendering nonfunctional brain regions responsible for cortical integration; death quickly follows when the midbrain centers controlling respiration and cardiac activity fail. Signs of effective stun resulting in unconsciousness in cattle include immediate collapse (LORR/LOP) and a several-second period of tetanic spasm, followed by slow hind limb movements of increasing frequency [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]; however, there is species variability in this response. Signs of effective electrocution are loss of righting reflex, loss of eye blink and moving object tracking, extension of the limbs, opisthotonos, downward rotation of the eyeballs, and tonic (rigid) spasm changing to clonic (paddling) spasm, with eventual muscle flaccidity [ 16 , 18 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic Measures of Animal Stress during Transitional States of Consciousness

Meyer¹

2015

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe humaneness, and therefore suitability, of any particular agent or method used to produce unconsciousness in animals, whether for anesthesia, euthanasia, humane slaughter, or depopulation, depends on the experience of pain or distress prior to loss of consciousness. Commonly reported physiologic measures of animal stress, including physical movement and vocalization, heart rate and ECG, electroencephalographic activity, and plasma and neuronal stress markers are discussed within this context.AbstractDetermination of the humaneness of methods used to produce unconsciousness in animals, whether for anesthesia, euthanasia, humane slaughter, or depopulation, relies on our ability to assess stress, pain, and consciousness within the contexts of method and application. Determining the subjective experience of animals during transitional states of consciousness, however, can be quite difficult; further, loss of consciousness with different agents or methods may occur at substantially different rates. Stress and distress may manifest behaviorally (e.g., overt escape behaviors, approach-avoidance preferences [aversion]) or physiologically (e.g., movement, vocalization, changes in electroencephalographic activity, heart rate, sympathetic nervous system [SNS] activity, hypothalamic-pituitary axis [HPA] activity), such that a one-size-fits-all approach cannot be easily applied to evaluate methods or determine specific species applications. The purpose of this review is to discuss methods of evaluating stress in animals using physiologic methods, with emphasis on the transition between the conscious and unconscious states.

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“…Mediante ambos sistemas se provoca conmoción cerebral, generalmente de tipo irreversible debido a la fuerza con que el proyectil impacta el cráneo y daña el cerebro (Finnie 1995), logrando la insensibilización del animal. Este método de noqueo se puede utilizar en cualquier especie, y está preferentemente indicado en bovinos y equinos (H.S.A.…”

Section: Introduccionunclassified

Caracterización y evaluación de la eficacia de los sistemas de insensibilización utilizados en equinos en Chile

Cáraves¹,

Gallo²

2007

Arch. med. vet.

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SUMMARYGeneral information on the stunning systems used for horses was collected and 333 horses were observed and scored during slaughter in three slaughterplants in order to evaluate the efficiency of the process, registering: number of attempts required to induce insensibility, presence of return to sensibility signs and stun to stick time; also 100 heads were inspected in order to determine the location of the lesions on the skulls respect to the ideal shooting position. In plant A a non penetrating captive bolt pistol was used, impelled by cartridges with gunpowder; in plant B a penetrating captive bolt pistol was used, that was impelled through a pneumatic system; in plant C the horses were stunned using electricity applied to the forehead by means of a stick with only one electrode at its end. In plants A, B and C respectively, only 76.6%, 78.2% and 2.9% of the horses were stunned at the first attempt, the percentage of horses without signs of return to sensibility was 89.1%, 82.2% and 96.2%, and the percentage of horses that were actually bled within one minute after stunning was 84.4%, 5.0% and 66.3%. When the location of the lesions on the skull was measured respect to the ideal shooting position in plants A and B, it was found that 33.3% and 11.5% of the shots hit the target (within 2 cm). It was concluded that there is a low efficiency in the stunning process of horses and that its main objective, that the animals do not suffer unnecessary pain during slaughter, is not achieved. INTRODUCCIONLos métodos de insensibilización o noqueo tienen como finalidad lograr que el animal quede inconsciente y se mantenga así hasta la muerte, evitando que sienta dolor o molestias al ser sangrado (Wotton 1993); la muerte, que ocurre por pérdida de sangre al seccionar los vasos sanguíneos, debe ocurrir lo más pronto posible después de la insensibilización (Warriss 1996). Otro objetivo, secundario de la insensibilización, es lograr la inmovilidad del animal para disminuir el riesgo de accidente de los operarios. Los procedimientos de insensibilización utilizados en forma correcta provocan en su mayoría insensibilidad inmediata; algunos tienen efecto permanente y otros son reversibles (Gallo 1996). Para evitar el sufrimiento innecesario y mejorar el bienestar de los animales destinados a producir carne se requiere utilizar métodos de insensibilización adecuados (Humane Slaughter Association, H.S.A. 1998, Organización Mundial de Epizootias, O.I.E. 2005). En Chile, el Reglamento de Mataderos (Chile 1994(Chile , 2004) establece la obligatoriedad de insensibilizar a todo animal previo a la faena. El Decreto Nº 342 (Chile 1994) indica específicamente que los equinos deben ser insensibilizados mediante conmoción cerebral, en tanto el Decreto Nº 61 (Chile 2004), que entró a regir en septiembre de 2006 en Chile, es más amplio en este sentido e indica que la insensibilización deberá realizarse sobre la base de mé-todos que atenúen el sufrimiento de los animales y que sean reconocidos internacionalmente, tales como electronarcosi...

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Neuropathological changes produced by non-penetrating percussive captive bolt stunning of cattle

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Amelioration of electroencephalographic responses to slaughter by non-penetrative captive-bolt stunning after ventral-neck incision in halothane-anaesthetised calves

Amelioration of electroencephalographic responses to slaughter by non-penetrative captive-bolt stunning after ventral-neck incision in halothane-anaesthetised calves

Physiologic Measures of Animal Stress during Transitional States of Consciousness

Caracterización y evaluación de la eficacia de los sistemas de insensibilización utilizados en equinos en Chile

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