Neurophysiological markers discriminate different forms of motor imagery during action observation

Bruton, Adam M.; Holmes, Paul S.; Eaves, Daniel; Franklin, Zoë C.; Wright, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2019.10.016

Cited by 40 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Another possible reason for the lack of effect of sonification on corticospinal excitability may be due to interactions between AO, MI, and external auditory feedback. Recent investigations suggest that combined usage of AO and MI affects attentional processing and mental effort (Bruton et al 2020 ; Meers et al 2020 ). Studies show that during AOMI, there is a reallocation of attention between externally evoked to internal simulation of the kinesthetic predicted sensation arising from the action (Eaves et al 2016a , b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies investigating corticospinal excitability during various forms of AOMI support this view. Bruton et al ( 2020 ) assessed corticospinal excitability, eye movement and behavioral data while participants engaged in congruent, coordinated, and conflicting AOMI. Congruent AOMI, as used in this study, resulted in significantly higher MEPs and reduced mental effort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanistic view of motor learning also applies to more cognitive forms of motor learning, such as AO and MI, as evidence shows that similar plasticity-related modulation of corticospinal excitability are obtained when PAS follows a practice session of observational or mental practice (Avanzino et al 2015 ; Lepage et al 2012 ). In addition, engaging in AOMI may be better than AO and MI alone (Marshall et al 2020 ; Marshall et al 2019 ), as it has been linked to increased neural activity (Bruton et al 2020 ; Eaves et al 2016a , b ; Wright et al 2018 ), thus could potentially influence the rate of practice-dependent plasticity (Eaves et al 2016). To our knowledge no research has been done on this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, future studies should also explore the effects of sonification of other types of AOMIs such as coordinative and incongruent AOMI (Eaves et al 2016b ; Vogt et al 2013 ). Under the dual simulation hypothesis, when the observed and imagined action are not congruent, there is a representational conflict, which results in a lower corticospinal excitability, and an increase in attentional demand to complete the task (Bruton et al 2020 ; Meers et al 2020 ). However, these forms of dual representation of action can still be used in motor (re)learning and should be further explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does sonification of action simulation training impact corticospinal excitability and audiomotor plasticity?

et al. 2021

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Sonification is a sensory augmentation strategy whereby a sound is associated with, and modulated by, movement. Evidence suggests that sonification could be a viable strategy to maximize learning and rehabilitation. Recent studies investigated sonification of action observation, reporting beneficial effects, especially in Parkinson’s disease. However, research on simulation training—a training regime based on action observation and motor imagery, in which actions are internally simulated, without physical execution—suggest that action observation alone is suboptimal, compared to the combined use of action observation and motor imagery. In this study, we explored the effects of sonified action observation and motor imagery on corticospinal excitability, as well as to evaluate the extent of practice-dependent plasticity induced by this training. Nineteen participants were recruited to complete a practice session based on combined and congruent action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) and physical imitation of the same action. Prior to the beginning, participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one group (nine participants) completed the practice block with sonified AOMI, while the other group (ten participants) completed the practice without extrinsic auditory information and served as control group. To investigate practice-induced plasticity, participants completed two auditory paired associative stimulation (aPAS) protocols, one completed after the practice block, and another one completed alone, without additional interventions, at least 7 days before the practice. After the practice block, both groups significantly increased their corticospinal excitability, but sonification did not exert additional benefits, compared to non-sonified conditions. In addition, aPAS significantly increased corticospinal excitability when completed alone, but when it was primed by a practice block, no modulatory effects on corticospinal excitability were found. It is possible that sonification of combined action observation and motor imagery may not be a useful strategy to improve corticospinal, but further studies are needed to explore its relationship with performance improvements. We also confirm the neuromodulatory effect of aPAS, but its interaction with audiomotor practice remain unclear.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does sonification of action simulation training impact corticospinal excitability and audiomotor plasticity?

et al. 2021

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“…The visual stimulus provided by AO allows participants to focus on the movement’s sensations without the constraint of generating a visual mental image 20 , 21 . As a result, AO combined with MI has been reported to increase corticospinal excitability significantly more compared to AO or MI performed independently 22 – 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Comparison of the on-line effects of different motor simulation conditions on corticospinal excitability in healthy participants

Pfenninger

Grosprêtre

Remontet

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In healthy participants, corticospinal excitability is known to increase during motor simulations such as motor imagery (MI), action observation (AO) and mirror therapy (MT), suggesting their interest to promote plasticity in neurorehabilitation. Further comparing these methods and investigating their combination may potentially provide clues to optimize their use in patients. To this end, we compared in 18 healthy participants abductor pollicis brevis (APB) corticospinal excitability during MI, AO or MT, as well as MI combined with either AO or MT. In each condition, 15 motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and three maximal M-wave were elicited in the right APB. Compared to the control condition, mean normalized MEP amplitude (i.e. MEP/M) increased during MI (P = .003), MT (P < .001) and MT + MI (P < .001), without any difference between the three conditions. No MEP modulation was evidenced during AO or AO + MI. Because MI provided no additional influence when combined with AO or MT, our results may suggest that, in healthy subjects, visual feedback and unilateral movement with a mirror may provide the greatest effects among all the tested motor simulations.

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A neural signature for combined action observation and motor imagery? An fNIRS study into prefrontal activation, automatic imitation, and self–other perceptions

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Research indicates that both observed and imagined actions can be represented in the brain as two parallel sensorimotor representations. One proposal is that higher order cognitive processes would align these two hypothetical action simulations. Methods:We investigated this hypothesis using an automatic imitation paradigm, with functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings over the prefrontal cortex during different motor simulation states. On each trial, participants (n = 14) observed a picture of a rhythmical action (instructed action) followed by a distractor movie showing the same or different action. Participants then executed the instructed action. Distractor actions were manipulated to be fast or slow, and instructions were manipulated during distractor presentation: action observation (AO), combined action observation and motor imagery (AO+MI) and observe to imitate (intentional imitation). A pure motor imagery (MI) condition was also included.Results: Kinematic analyses showed that although distractor speed effects were significant under all instructions (shorter mean cycle times in execution for fast compared to slow trials), this imitation bias was significantly stronger for combined AO+MI than both AO and MI, and stronger for intentional imitation than the other three automatic imitation conditions. In the left prefrontal cortex, cerebral oxygenation was significantly greater for combined AO+MI than all other instructions. Participants reported that their representation of the self overlapped with the observed model significantly more during AO+MI than AO. Conclusion:Left prefrontal activation may therefore be a neural signature of AO+MI, supporting attentional switching between concurrent representations of self (MI, topdown) and other (AO, bottom-up) to increase imitation and perceived closeness.

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Neurophysiological markers discriminate different forms of motor imagery during action observation

Cited by 40 publications

References 62 publications

Does sonification of action simulation training impact corticospinal excitability and audiomotor plasticity?

Does sonification of action simulation training impact corticospinal excitability and audiomotor plasticity?

Comparison of the on-line effects of different motor simulation conditions on corticospinal excitability in healthy participants

A neural signature for combined action observation and motor imagery? An fNIRS study into prefrontal activation, automatic imitation, and self–other perceptions

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