Neuropsychological Deficits in Relation to Symptoms of ADHD: Independent Contributions and Interactions

Wåhlstedt, Cecilia

doi:10.1080/09297040802524198

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Only a few exceptions exist, with some reporting greater RTV among children with ADHD-Combined Type compared with ADHD-Inattentive Type on certain tasks [41]. Where relations between RTV and the ADHD symptom domains have been examined, RTV has correlated with measures of behavioral inattention [48,52,53] but has also been found to correlate with hyperactivityimpulsivity in a minority of studies (for more detail, see Gomez-Guerrero et al [54]). In a study examining whether RTV was specifically correlated with individual ADHD symptoms (e.g., short attention span), significant relations were observed between RTV and all 18 ADHD symptoms, suggesting no specificity between RTVand specific ADHD behaviors [55].…”

Section: Behavioral Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review

et al. 2012

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For the past decade, intra-individual variability in reaction times on computerized tasks has become a central focus of cognitive research on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Numerous studies document increased reaction time variability among children and adults with ADHD, relative to typically developing controls. However, direct comparisons with other disorders with heightened reaction time variability are virtually nonexistent, despite their potential to inform our understanding of the phenomenon. A growing literature examines the sensitivity of reaction time variability to theoretically and clinically relevant manipulations. There is strong evidence that stimulus treatment reduces reaction time variability during a range of cognitive tasks, but the literature is mixed regarding the impact of motivational incentives and variation in stimulus event rate. Most studies of reaction time variability implicitly assume that heightened reaction time variability reflects occasional lapses in attention, and the dominant neurophysiological interpretation suggests this variability is linked to intrusions of task-negative brain network activity during task performance. Work examining the behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of reaction time variability provides some support for these hypotheses, but considerably more work is needed in this area. Finally, because conclusions from each of domains reviewed are limited by the wide range of measures used to measure reaction time variability, this review highlights the need for increased attention to the cognitive and motivational context in which variability is assessed and recommends that future work always supplement macro-level variability indices with metrics that isolate particular components of reaction time variability.

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Section: Behavioral Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review

et al. 2012

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“…Essas evidências corroboram achados anteriores de autores que defendem que o déficit inibitório pode ser uma das causas das dificuldades atencionais e executivas de crianças com TDAH 1,7 . Ambas dificuldades podem influenciar negativamente em situações novas que exigem automonitoramento e envolvimento do componente executivo central da MT 24 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…É um dos transtornos mais comuns encontrados entre crianças e adolescentes, e estima-se sua prevalência na população entre 3% e 7% 1,2 . O portador de TDAH demonstra um padrão de desatenção e/ou hiperatividade mais frequente e grave do que o observado em crianças saudáveis com mesmo nível desenvolvimental.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…O portador de TDAH demonstra um padrão de desatenção e/ou hiperatividade mais frequente e grave do que o observado em crianças saudáveis com mesmo nível desenvolvimental. Esse comprometimento, por sua vez, dificulta a realização de processos que envolvam esforço mental por determinado período de tempo 1,3,4 . Atualmente, estudos neuropsicológicos sugerem que as limitações em quadros de TDAH podem ser verificadas em mais de um domínio cognitivo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Componentes atencionais e de funções executivas em meninos com TDAH: dados de uma bateria neuropsicológica flexível

Gonçalves

Mohr

Moraes

et al. 2013

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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rESUMo objetivo: Comparar o desempenho de sete meninos com diagnóstico comprovado de TDAH (G1) e 14 controles saudáveis (G2) em tarefas neuropsicológicas. Método: G1 e G2 foram pareados por sexo, idade e escolaridade em tarefas atencionais e executivas (Fluência Verbal e Discurso Narrativo da Bateria MAC, Teste de Cancelamento dos Sinos -versão infantil, Geração Aleatória de Números, Go-no Go do NEUPSILIN-Inf e N-Back auditivo). resultados: Destacaram-se diferenças entre os grupos quanto à atenção concentrada seletiva, à memória de trabalho, ao automonitoramento, à iniciação e à inibição. Conclusão: Foi possível verificar contribuições incipientes para um raciocínio de relações intercomponentes das FE e atencionais em pacientes com TDAH. aBStraCt objective: To compare the performance of seven boys with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD (G1) and 14 healthy controls (G2) in neuropsychological tasks. Method: G1 and G2 were matched by gender, age and educational level. They were assessed through attentional and executive tasks (verbal fluency and narrative discourse from MAC Battery, Bells Testchildren's version, Number Random Generation, Go-no Go and auditory N-Back). results: There were remarkable differences between groups for sustained focused attention, working memory, self-monitoring, initiation and inhibition. Conclusion: Contributions for incipient comprehension of relationships among cognitive components in ADHD patients could be identified.

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“…La inatención fue el predictor más potente concurrente de todos los dominios neuropsicológicos cuando las tres dimensiones de síntomas se incluían en un modelo de tres factores (inatención, hiperactividad y TCL). Este modelos de los tres factores es coherente con estudios previos que demuestran que, después de controlar la asociación de la inatención y la hiperactividad-impulsividad, la inatención es la variable clave y que está asociada a un pobre rendimiento en determinadas pruebas neuropsicológicas Wåhlstedt, 2009) y además en la obtención de puntuaciones más bajas en todas las áreas académicas (Frazier, Youngstrom, Glutting y Watkins, 2007;Friedman-Weieneth, Harvey, Youngwirth, y Goldstein, 2007;Massetti et al, 2008).…”

Section: Funcionamiento Ejecutivo En El Tempo Cognitivo Lentounclassified

El tempo cognitivo lento: Revisión de un constructo [Sluggish cognitive tempo: Review of a construct]

Camprodon

Duñó

Batlle

et al. 2014

RPPC

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Resumen: El tempo cognitivo lento (TCL) se ha asociado al trastorno de déficit de atención con hiperactividad subtipo inatento (TDAH-I). Se han encontrado síntomas TCL en grupos clínicos sin TDAH; correlaciones entre TCL y medidas de ansiedad y en otros trastornos psiquiátricos. Los resultados en las diferencias neuropsicológicas entre TCL y subtipos de TDAH son controvertidos. Algunos autores sugieren que altos niveles de TCL y TDAH podrían formar parte de un nuevo trastorno atencional. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión teórica de dicho constructo. Concluimos que queda demostrada la validez estadística del TCL, puede diferenciarse del TDAH y presenta unas características propias. Aunque TCL se asocie al TDAH-I, probablemente sea una entidad independiente a éste actuando como factor modulador de aspectos atencionales que inciden, no sólo en las funciones ejecutivas, sino también en ciertas manifestaciones psicopatológicas presentes sobre todo en la ansiedad o la depresión.Palabras clave: Tempo cognitivo lento (TCL); trastorno de déficit atención hiperactividad (TDAH); funciones ejecutivas; subtipos TDAH. Sluggish cognitive tempo: Review of a constructAbstract: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) has been associated with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder inattention subtype (ADHD-I). SCT symptoms have been found in clinical groups without ADHD, also correlations between SCT and measures of anxiety, and in other psychiatric disorders. The results regarding neuropsychological differences between subtypes of ADHD and SCT are controversial. Some authors suggest that high levels of both SCT and ADHD could be indicative of a new attentional disorder. The aim of this paper is a theoretical review of this construct. We conclude that there is a clear statistical validity of SCT; that it can be distinguished from ADHD and presents its own characteristics. Although SCT shows a strong association with ADHD, it probably is a separate entity that may act as a modulating factor of other attentional features that affect not only executive functions but also certain psychopathological manifestations mostly present in anxiety or depression.

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Neuropsychological Deficits in Relation to Symptoms of ADHD: Independent Contributions and Interactions

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review

Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review

Componentes atencionais e de funções executivas em meninos com TDAH: dados de uma bateria neuropsicológica flexível

El tempo cognitivo lento: Revisión de un constructo [Sluggish cognitive tempo: Review of a construct]

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