Neurovascular Response during Exercise and Mental Stress in Anabolic Steroid Users

Porello, Rafael Armani; Santos, Marcelo Rodrigues dos; Souza, Francis Ribeiro de; Fonseca, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da; Sayegh, Ana Luiza Carrari; Oliveira, Tiago Franco de; Akiho, César Abreu; Yonamine, Maurı́cio; Pereira, Rosa Maria Rodrigues; Negräo, Carlos Eduardo; Alves, Maria-Janieire de Nazaré Nunes

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001456

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Blend 2: (371 mg) N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine Caffeine (150 mg) Mucana pruitiens extract (15 mg) β-alanine (1600 mg) Arginine (1000 mg) 30 min prior to exercise. 30 min constant velocity treadmill running at 90% VT ↔ Fat oxidation [ 47 ] Hahn et al 2018 14 recreationally-active males Randomized, Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. L-Tyrosine (500 mg) Taurine (200 mg) Caffeine (120 mg) L-Carnitine (10 mg) Vitamin B6 (15 mg) Vitamin B12 (45 mcg) 20 min prior to exercise.…”

Section: Acute Effects Of Mips On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, Jung et al [ 39 ] found that a MIPS with added synephrine increased REE ( d = 0.71, p < 0.05, large) and RER ( d = 1.14–1.66, p < 0.05, large) in recreationally-active male and female participants relative to placebo during a supine resting metabolic rate test. However, Erickson and colleagues [ 47 ] found no effect of acute MIPS consumption on fat oxidation in females during 30 min of treadmill running at 90% ventilatory threshold. Clearly, more investigations in a wider variety of populations are required before definite conclusions can be determined regarding any metabolic-related benefits.…”

Section: Acute Effects Of Mips On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Tinsley et al [ 32 ] did not detect any time x treatment x gender interaction effects, suggesting that any gender effect of MIPS supplementation is minimal. In addition, two investigations [ 4 , 47 ] have examined the effects of acute MIPS supplementation in female participants only. While both did not report any form of menstrual control, the results of these studies are not particularly divergent from those conducted in males.…”

Section: Acute Effects Of Mips On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While both did not report any form of menstrual control, the results of these studies are not particularly divergent from those conducted in males. Cameron et al [ 4 ] found MIPS increased upper-body muscular endurance but had no effect on lower-body muscular endurance or power production, while Erickson et al [ 47 ] reported that acute MIPS supplementation had no appreciable effect on rates of fat oxidation. However, any conclusions regarding a gender effect of acute MIPS supplementation are likely premature until more robust studies that utilize menstrual control are conducted.…”

Section: Acute Effects Of Mips On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review

Harty

Zabriskie

Erickson

et al. 2018

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

101

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In recent years, a new class of dietary supplements called multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) has increased in popularity. These supplements are intended to be taken prior to exercise and typically contain a blend of ingredients such as caffeine, creatine, beta-alanine, amino acids, and nitric oxide agents, the combination of which may elicit a synergistic effect on acute exercise performance and subsequent training adaptations compared to single ingredients alone. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to review the theoretical rationale and available scientific evidence assessing the potential ergogenic value of acute and chronic ingestion of MIPS, to address potential safety concerns surrounding MIPS supplementation, and to highlight potential areas for future research. Though direct comparisons between formulations of MIPS or between a MIPS and a single ingredient are challenging and often impossible due to the widespread use of “proprietary blends” that do not disclose specific amounts of ingredients in a given formulation, a substantial body of evidence suggests that the acute pre-exercise consumption of MIPS may positively influence muscular endurance and subjective mood, though mixed results have been reported regarding the acute effect of MIPS on force and power production. The chronic consumption of MIPS in conjunction with a periodized resistance training program appears to augment beneficial changes in body composition through increased lean mass accretion. However, the impact of long-term MIPS supplementation on force production, muscular endurance, aerobic performance, and subjective measures is less clear. MIPS ingestion appears to be relatively safe, though most studies that have assessed the safety of MIPS are relatively short (less than eight weeks) and thus more information is needed regarding the safety of long-term supplementation. As with any dietary supplement, the use of MIPS carries implications for the athlete, as many formulations may intentionally contain banned substances as ingredients or unintentionally as contaminants. We suggest that athletes thoroughly investigate the ingredients present in a given MIPS prior to consumption. In conclusion, it appears that multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements have promise as an ergogenic aid for active individuals, though further information is required regarding long-term efficacy and safety in a wider variety of populations.

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Section: Acute Effects Of Mips On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Effects Of Mips On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Effects Of Mips On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Effects Of Mips On Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review

Harty

Zabriskie

Erickson

et al. 2018

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

101

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“…Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have been associated with several cardiovascular injuries (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased concentration of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol in HDL from young anabolic androgenic steroid users

Souza

Santos

Fonseca

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:Oxysterols are cholesterol oxidative derivatives that play an important role in cell cholesterol homeostasis. However, HDL particles enriched with oxysterols, especially the 7-ketocholesterol, have lower ability to mediate cell cholesterol removal by the reverse cholesterol transport. Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) misuse is associated with diminished cholesterol efflux and increased atherogenesis in young men. Unknown is whether the concentration of oxysterols is altered in AAS users.Methods:In this subanalysis, we evaluated six AAS users (AASU) and 6 AAS nonusers (AASNU) involved in strength training, and 6 sedentary men (SC). Oxysterols were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in HDL particles isolated by ultra centrifugation.Results:AASU presented higher levels of 7-ketocholesterol (104.1 ± 64.0 vs.43.7 ± 8.3 and 43.2 ± 9.1 ng/mg C; p < 0.05) and 7β-hydroxycholesterol (15.5 ± 5.6 vs. 10.1 ± 2.0 and 8.1 ± 1.0 ng/mg C; p < 0.05) in HDL compared to AASNU and SC, respectively. 7α-hydroxycholesterol (10.7 ± 4.2 vs. 8.0 ± 1.5 and 6.8 ± 2.2 ng/mg C; p = 0.089) and 27 hydroxycholesterol (25.6 ± 7.2 vs. 28.0 ± 7.0 and 21.8 ± 3.2 ng/mg C; p = 0.235) were similar among groups.Conclusion:This pilot study suggests that AAS abuse increases 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol in HDL that may be related to HDL impaired function and increased atherosclerotic coronary disease in young AAS users. The clinical implication of this finding should be considered in future, larger, long-term studies.Trial registration:This is a cross-sectional pilot observational study from a retrospectively registered study NCT03450837.

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High Testosterone Levels: Impact on the Heart

Matsumoto

Silva

Tostes

2022

Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions

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Neurovascular Response during Exercise and Mental Stress in Anabolic Steroid Users

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review

Multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements, safety implications, and performance outcomes: a brief review

Increased concentration of 7-ketocholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol in HDL from young anabolic androgenic steroid users

High Testosterone Levels: Impact on the Heart

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