Neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for the analysis of fresh, pasteurised and powder milk

Abstract

k 0 -INAA / ENAA / AAS / Milk analysis / Principal component analysis Summary.This study shows the application of semiabsolute k 0 instrumental neutron activation analysis (k 0 -INAA), epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) for the determination of 21 elements (Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Hf, I, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sc Sr, and Zn) in different types of milk samples. The ENAA was required for the determination of iodine, AAS for Cu, Ni and Pb and the rest of the elements were measured by k 0 -INAA. Thirteen elements (Br, Ca, Cl, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb, Sr and Zn) were identified in all milk samples. Ni was detected in eleven and Pb in two samples. Concentrations of most of the elements were within the ranges of the world reported data. The data was further explored by principal component analysis to find relationships between samples and elements.

Analytical advances in the determination of calcium in bovine milk, dairy products and milk-based infant formulas

“…The sample portion is simply weight, encapsuled (in foils, vials or ampoules) and directly analyzed without any mineralization step. The use of INAA proved to be effective for calcium determination in milk (Potočnik, Nečemer, Mazej, Jaćimović, & Ogrinc, 2016;Santos, de Nadai Fernandes, Tagliaferro, & Bacchi, 2008) and dairy products (Wasim, Rehman, Arif, Fatima, & Zaidi, 2012). Different drawbacks, including the necessity to have access to a nuclear reactor, the expensive equipment and the required expertise, limit the routine application of this technique (Table 3) (Chajduk & Polkowska-Motrenko, 2017).…”

Development of radiochemistry in Pakistan – 1960 to 2010

“…It was applied in its classical form as a relative method, in advanced form as k 0 -NAA [83,84], activation constant method [85], epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) [86] and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) [87]. Initially, NAA was used extensively for the characterization of nuclear fuel coupled with radiochemical separation; later it was applied in other fields also, such as environmental monitoring.…”

“…In order to assess the adequacy and safety of human diet, food items including fruits, vegetables, meat and pulses, etc. were analysed and an extensive database of the elemental concentrations determined in those samples was created [86,. Apart from dietary items, biological materials such as human blood samples, infant and adult hair and plant materials were also analysed [135][136][137][138][139].…”