Neutron fluence distribution in experiments with 3 MA deuterium gas-puff <i>z</i>-pinch

Cikhardt, J.; Klír, D.; Shishlov, A. V.; Kokshenev, V. A.; Řezáč, K.; Cherdizov, R. K.; Дудкин, Г. Н.; Fursov, F. I.; Kravárik, J.; Kubeš, P.; Kurmaev, N. E.; Munzar, V.; Novotný, J.; Ratakhin, N. A.; Turek, K.; Варлачев, В. А.

doi:10.1063/5.0008108

Physics of Plasmas

2020

DOI: 10.1063/5.0008108

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Neutron fluence distribution in experiments with 3 MA deuterium gas-puff z-pinch

J. Cikhardt

D. Klír

A. V. Shishlov

et al.

Abstract: Deuterium gas-puff z-pinches are very efficient laboratory sources of neutron pulses. Using a novel hybrid gas-puff load on the GIT-12 generator, a significant increase in the neutron yields up to 5.6×1012 is reached. At the same time, a very broad neutron energy spectrum up to energies on the order of tens of MeV is observed. In these experiments, the neutrons are produced not only by the D(d,n)3He (DD) nuclear reaction but also by reactions of multi-MeV deuterons with the experimental hardware. The angular d… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

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On the bremsstrahlung background of the neutron yield diagnostic in deuterium-filled capsule implosions driven by Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums on an 8-MA pulsed power facility

Guo

et al. 2020

Physics of Plasmas

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The thermonuclear yield from deuterium-filled capsule implosions driven by Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums on an 8-MA pulsed power facility is diagnosed by Ag activation and neutron time-of-flight (nTOF). However, both detector systems suffer from an excessive bremsstrahlung background. Tests on the Ag activation system suggest that the facility may produce such an intense super-MeV x-ray background that the resulting photonuclear-excitation reactions can overwhelm the potential neutron signal. In the nTOF detectors, the high bremsstrahlung background generates such an excessive afterglow in the scintillator that confirming any thermonuclear yield may require a liquid scintillator with a much lower afterglow together with a gated photomultiplier.

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On the bremsstrahlung background of the neutron yield diagnostic in deuterium-filled capsule implosions driven by Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums on an 8-MA pulsed power facility

Guo

et al. 2020

Physics of Plasmas

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K-shell radiation and neutron emission from z-pinch plasmas generated by hybrid gas-puff implosions onto on-axis wires

et al. 2021

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Z-pinches have been explored as efficient soft x-ray sources for many years. To optimize x-ray emission, various z-pinch configurations were tested. This paper presents data obtained with a hybrid gas-puff z-pinch imploding onto on-axis wires on a microsecond, multi-megaampere GIT-12 generator. In our previous experiments, the hybrid gas puff, i.e., an inner deuterium gas puff surrounded by an outer hollow cylindrical plasma shell, was used to produce energetic protons, deuterons, and neutrons up to 60 MeV [Klir et al., New J. Phys. 22, 103036 (2020)]. The behavior of the hybrid gas-puff z-pinch on GIT-12 was interpreted as a high-density plasma opening switch with a microsecond conduction time, 3 MA conduction current, nanosecond opening, and up to 60 MV stand-off voltage. These properties can be employed to transfer the current into an on-axis load with a high rise rate. In the recent experiments on GIT-12, we therefore placed single or multiple aluminum wires on the axis of the hybrid gas-puff z-pinch. Before a current sheath arrived at the axis, a coronal plasma was seen around the wire. A rapid increase in x-ray radiation was observed when the coronal plasma imploded onto the axis. The coronal plasma implosion resulted in a long (2 cm), narrow (∼mm) column radiating in the Al K-shell lines. With the single Al wire of 80 μm diameter, the K-shell x-ray output reached 5.5 ± 0.8 kJ in a 0.6 ± 0.1 TW peak power and 7 ± 1 ns pulse. The higher K-shell yield of 12 ± 2 kJ and peak K-shell power of 0.7 ± 0.1 TW were achieved with four 38 μm diameter Al wires. (Their cross section formed the corners of a square with 1 mm side.) The presence of the wires on the axis significantly suppressed ion acceleration and neutron production. Deuterium-deuterium (DD) neutron yields of about 1.2 × 1011 were 20 times smaller than the yields produced in shots without any wire. The DD neutron yield was increased up to 4.5 × 1011 when the Al wire was replaced by a fiber from deuterated polyethylene. A characteristic feature of the experiments with the (CD2)n fiber was a rapid expansion with the velocity approaching 900 km/s.

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Production of energetic protons, deuterons, and neutrons up to 60 MeV via disruption of a current-carrying plasma column at 3 MA

et al. 2020

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Acceleration of ions to multi-MeV energies is investigated in various plasma devices to better understand processes in astrophysical plasmas and to develop efficient accelerators for a variety of applications. This paper reports the production of proton, deuteron, and electron beams in a z-pinch—a cylindrically symmetric plasma column that is compressed by its own magnetic field. For this work, the GIT-12 pulsed-power generator was used to drive a novel configuration of z-pinch that dramatically enhanced ion acceleration associated with disruption of the current by instabilities in the compressed plasma. During the disruption of 3 MA current, hydrogen ions were accelerated up to at least 50 MeV, which is almost a hundred-times the ion energy provided by the generator driving voltage of 0.6 MV. Under optimal conditions, the total numbers of hydrogen ions with energies above 20 and 50 MeV were 4 × 1013 and 1011, respectively. Accelerated deuterons produced one 20 ns (full width at half maximum) pulse of fast neutrons via D(d, n)3He and other nuclear reactions. A maximum neutron output of (1.0 ± 0.2) × 1012 neutrons/sr was observed downstream, i.e., in the anode to cathode direction. In this direction, the maximum neutron energy reached 58 ± 7 MeV. Both ion and neutron beams in our experiment reached an end-point energy of about 60 MeV, which is the highest value observed in pulsed-power devices. A localized peak voltage of ≳60 MV was driven by the inductive energy that was stored around the plasma column and that was extracted during a sub-nanosecond current drop. Considering the natural occurrence of current-carrying columns in laboratory and space plasmas, the current interruption observed in z-pinches could represent a more general physical process that contributes to the efficient conversion of magnetic energy into the energy of particle beams in various plasmas.

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Neutron fluence distribution in experiments with 3 MA deuterium gas-puff z-pinch

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

On the bremsstrahlung background of the neutron yield diagnostic in deuterium-filled capsule implosions driven by Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums on an 8-MA pulsed power facility

On the bremsstrahlung background of the neutron yield diagnostic in deuterium-filled capsule implosions driven by Z-pinch dynamic hohlraums on an 8-MA pulsed power facility

K-shell radiation and neutron emission from z-pinch plasmas generated by hybrid gas-puff implosions onto on-axis wires

Production of energetic protons, deuterons, and neutrons up to 60 MeV via disruption of a current-carrying plasma column at 3 MA

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