Neutron induced bystander effect among zebrafish embryos

Ng, C. Y. P.; Kong, Eva Yi; Kobayashi, Adam; Suya, Noriyoshi; Uchihori, Y.; Cheng, Shuk Han; Konishi, Teruaki; Yu, K.N.

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.08.009

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Apoptosis was also used as the biological endpoint in many previous studies on radiobiological effects in zebrafish embryos (see e.g., [27,33,35,36,37,38,42,43,45,46,47,48,49]. As reviewed in [39], the extra apoptotic events developed in irradiated zebrafish embryos likely reflected genomic instability induced in the irradiated cells (at 5 hpf), since these irradiated cells and their earlier progeny, which were unstable and mutation prone, had appeared to be healthy and were able to survive many generations before the apoptosis pathways were initiated (at 20, 24, or 30 hpf).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Photon Hormesis on Dose Responses to Alpha Particles in Zebrafish Embryos

Cheng

2017

IJMS

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Photon hormesis refers to the phenomenon where the biological effect of ionizing radiation with a high linear energy transfer (LET) value is diminished by photons with a low LET value. The present paper studied the effect of photon hormesis from X-rays on dose responses to alpha particles using embryos of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as the in vivo vertebrate model. The toxicity of these ionizing radiations in the zebrafish embryos was assessed using the apoptotic counts at 20, 24, or 30 h post fertilization (hpf) revealed through acridine orange (AO) staining. For alpha-particle doses ≥ 4.4 mGy, the additional X-ray dose of 10 mGy significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells at 24 hpf, which proved the presence of photon hormesis. Smaller alpha-particle doses might not have inflicted sufficient aggregate damages to trigger photon hormesis. The time gap T between the X-ray (10 mGy) and alpha-particle (4.4 mGy) exposures was also studied. Photon hormesis was present when T ≤ 30 min, but was absent when T = 60 min, at which time repair of damage induced by alpha particles would have completed to prevent their interactions with those induced by X-rays. Finally, the drop in the apoptotic counts at 24 hpf due to photon hormesis was explained by bringing the apoptotic events earlier to 20 hpf, which strongly supported the removal of aberrant cells through apoptosis as an underlying mechanism for photon hormesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Photon Hormesis on Dose Responses to Alpha Particles in Zebrafish Embryos

Cheng

2017

IJMS

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“…RIBE arising from neutron irradiation was more equivocal. Ng et al reported RIBE in naive zebrafish embryos partnered with zebrafish embryos having been irradiated with neutron doses between 20 and 50 mGy [71], while Wang et al did not detect RIBE in naive zebrafish partnered with zebrafish having been irradiated with a neutron dose of ~100 mGy [72]. The different observations were attributed to different γ-ray hormesis arising from γ-ray contamination of the neutron sources [71].…”

Section: Ionizing Radiation Targeted Effects and Non-targeted Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ng et al reported RIBE in naive zebrafish embryos partnered with zebrafish embryos having been irradiated with neutron doses between 20 and 50 mGy [71], while Wang et al did not detect RIBE in naive zebrafish partnered with zebrafish having been irradiated with a neutron dose of ~100 mGy [72]. The different observations were attributed to different γ-ray hormesis arising from γ-ray contamination of the neutron sources [71]. RIBE was also shown to be totally suppressed by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) [73], which suggested that NO was involved in the bystander response between zebrafish embryos.…”

Section: Ionizing Radiation Targeted Effects and Non-targeted Effmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model to Assess Epigenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation

Kong

Cheng

2016

IJMS

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Exposure to ionizing radiations (IRs) is ubiquitous in our environment and can be categorized into “targeted” effects and “non-targeted” effects. In addition to inducing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, IR exposure leads to epigenetic alterations that do not alter DNA sequence. Using an appropriate model to study the biological effects of radiation is crucial to better understand IR responses as well as to develop new strategies to alleviate exposure to IR. Zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a scientific model organism that has yielded scientific advances in several fields and recent studies show the usefulness of this vertebrate model in radiation biology. This review briefly describes both “targeted” and “non-targeted” effects, describes the findings in radiation biology using zebrafish as a model and highlights the potential of zebrafish to assess the epigenetic effects of IR, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression. Other in vivo models are included to compare observations made with zebrafish, or to illustrate the feasibility of in vivo models when the use of zebrafish was unavailable. Finally, tools to study epigenetic modifications in zebrafish, including changes in genome-wide DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression, are also described in this review.

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“…Photon hormesis has been suggested as the underlying reasons for mitigation of alpha-particle-induced lung cancers [5,6], decreased micronucleus formation in neutron-irradiated human lymphocytes [4], reduced response of zebrafish embryos to neutrons [7], presence of an upper limit of neutron dose for inducing bystander effect in zebrafish embryos [8], and non-induction of radioadaptive response in zebrafish embryos by neutrons [9]. Although photon hormesis has been successfully employed to explain these interesting phenomena, there have been few attempts to study photon hormesis such as its temporal development or the underlying pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of photon hormesis on cells irradiated by alpha particles

Fung

2015

Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Molecular Science

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Hormetic responses generally refer to biphasic dose-response relationships showing low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. In relation, "photon hormesis" refers to the phenomenon in which a low-dose photon irradiation mitigates the cellular damages induced by other ionizing radiations. "Photon hormesis" can mean gamma-ray hormesis or X-ray hormesis depending on the origin of the photons. In the present study, photon hormesis was studied using wild type (WT) and p53-/-HCT116 colon cancer cells by comparing the number of p53 binding-protein 1 (53BP1) foci per cell (fpc) in the cells which were (1) irradiated by a toxic dose of alpha particles from an 241 Am source, and (2) irradiated by the same alpha-particle exposure with an additional small X-ray dose. With the additional X-ray dose, the numbers of 53BP1 fpc were significantly reduced at 24 h post-irradiation for the WT HCT116 cells, which confirmed the presence of photon hormesis, but not for the p53-/-HCT116 cells. This showed that photon hormesis was induced through a p53-dependent pathway. The data for WT HCT116 cells showed that photon hormesis were observable only after ~ 7 h post irradiation, which was in agreement with the role played by p53 in the rapid response in repairing DNA double strand breaks. Comparisons between the responses (in terms of numbers of 53BP1 fpc) of WT and p53-/-HCT116 cells showed different trends in the drop of responses with time for the two types of cells, and suggested a delay in the DNA repair and/or apoptosis induction in the p53-/-HCT116 cells.

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Neutron induced bystander effect among zebrafish embryos

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of Photon Hormesis on Dose Responses to Alpha Particles in Zebrafish Embryos

Effect of Photon Hormesis on Dose Responses to Alpha Particles in Zebrafish Embryos

Zebrafish as an In Vivo Model to Assess Epigenetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation

Effects of photon hormesis on cells irradiated by alpha particles

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