Neutron-proton mass difference in a generalized SU(3) linear sigma model

Weak interactions effect on the p–n mass splitting and the principle of equivalence

“…In the same way, the "strong" contribution to proton-neutron mass difference can be traced to ρ − ω mixing [20] or computed assuming certain models such as Skyrme models [25,26], chiral solitonic models [27] and Sigma models [28]. In [20], an equation of the form (8) was established for the mass difference, in terms of the strong ρN N , ωN N and the ρ − ω mixing parameter ǫ, with the result:…”

Violación del Principio de Equivalencia en teorías con α variable

“…Del mismo modo, es posible encontrar la contribución fuerte a la diferencia de masa del neutrón-protón (debido a la diferencia de masa entre los quarks up y down [99,108]) utilizando diversos métodos, como modelos de mezcla ρ − ω, modelos Skyrme ,modelos quirales soltónicos y modelos Sigma [25,29,50,54,62,70,109] llegando a ∆M st np = ∆M st n − ∆M st p = 2,08 MeV.…”