New Accuracy Testing of the Lightning VHF Interferometer by an Artificial Intercloud Pulse Generator

Puričer, Pavel; Kováč, Pavel; Mikeš, Jan

doi:10.1109/temc.2019.2947706

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Puricer et al [71] proposed using a new accurate test for lightning VHF-ITF based on artificial CC pulse generation. The study used a VHF-ITF system operating on three antennas separated by a distance of 6 m with a short baseline and a limited bandwidth of 20-60 MHz to determine the DOA and TDOA from captured signals.…”

Section:  a New Waveform Cross-correlation Technique Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Mapping: Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities

et al. 2020

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Despite the significant progress in the understanding of the phenomenon of lightning and the physics behind it, locating and mapping its occurrence remain a challenge. Such localization and mapping of very high frequency (VHF) lightning radiation sources provide a foundation for the subsequent research on predicting lightning, saving lives, and protecting valuable assets. A major technical challenge in attempting to map the sources of lightning is mapping accuracy. The three common electromagnetic radio frequencybased lightning locating techniques are magnetic direction finder, time of arrival, and interferometer (ITF). Understanding these approaches requires critically reviewing previous attempts. The performance and reliability of each method are evaluated on the basis of the mapping accuracy obtained from lightning data from different sources. In this work, we review various methods for lightning mapping. We study the approaches, describe their techniques, analyze their merits and demerits, classify them, and derive few opportunities for further research. We find that the ITF system is the most effective method and that its performance may be improved further. One approach is to improve how lightning signals are preprocessed and how noise is filtered. Signal processing can also be utilized to improve mapping accuracy by introducing methods such as wavelet transform in place of conventional cross-correlation approaches. INDEX TERMS interferometer, lightning mapping, magnetic direction finder, time of arrival.

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Section:  a New Waveform Cross-correlation Technique Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning Mapping: Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities

et al. 2020

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“…For example, for very-low-frequency (VLF) or low-frequency (LF) band signals, time of arrival (TOA) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) method (e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]) or artificial intelligence technology [10] have been applied. For electromagnetic signals in a very-high-frequency (VHF) band, lightning location methods are commonly carried out using the interferometry (INTF) or TDOA technique (e.g., [11][12][13][14][15]). Recently, Mora et al [16] and Lugrin et al [17] introduced the electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) method to locate lightning strikes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Hybrid Algorithm to Image Lightning Channels Combining the Time Difference of Arrival Technique and Electromagnetic Time Reversal Technique

Sun

Liu

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Very-high-frequency (VHF) electromagnetic signals have been well used to image lightning channels with high temporal and spatial resolution due to their capability to penetrate clouds. A lightning broadband VHF interferometer with three VHF antennas configured in a scalene-triangle shape has been installed in Lhasa since 2019, to detect the lightning VHF signals. Using the signals from the VHF interferometer, a new hybrid algorithm, called the TDOA-EMTR technique, combining the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and the electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) technique is introduced to image the two-dimensional lightning channels. The TDOA technique is firstly applied to calculate the initial solutions for the whole lightning flash. According to the results by the TDOA method, the domain used for the EMTR technique is predetermined, and then the EMTR technique is operated to obtain the final positioning result. Unlike the original EMTR technique, the low-power frequency points for each time window are removed based on the FFT spectrum. Metrics used to filter noise events are adjusted. Detailed imaging results of a negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash and an intra-cloud (IC) lightning flash by the TDOA method and the TDOA-EMTR are presented. Compared with the original EMTR method, the positioning efficiency can be improved by more than a factor of 3 to 4, depending on the scope of the pre-determined domain. Results show that the new algorithm can obtain much weaker radiation sources and simultaneously occurring sources, compared with the TDOA method.

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“…Broadband radio interferometer systems for lightning location studies have been successfully developed for more than two decades. Broadband interferometer for lightning location was first introduced by Shao et al [1], and later it has been further developed and improved by other research groups (e.g., [2]- [12]). With this technique, the very high frequency (VHF) radiation from lightning is received by an array of closely spaced antennas, typically 10-50 m apart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightning observations using broadband VHF interferometer and electric field measurements

Chilingarian¹,

Dolgonosov

Kiselyov³

et al. 2020

J. Inst.

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A broadband radio interferometer for locating lightning emissions was built and deployed at the high-altitude research station on Mount Aragats (Armenia). The instrument operates in the frequency range from 24 to 78 MHz and employs three identical broadband flat-plate antennas which are located in the horizontal plane and form two orthogonal baselines of 13 m length. The time differences of arrival of the signals at pairs of antennas determined from the peak of the cross-correlation function are used to measure the azimuth and elevation angles of the radiation source as a function of time. This paper describes the operation of the interferometer and reports observations of lightning flashes complemented by synchronous measurements of fast wideband electric field waveforms and changes in the near-surface electrostatic field. Combined analysis of these data makes it possible to identify the type of lightning discharge. The capability of the system to classify lightning types is demonstrated by example observations of an intracloud and a cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. K: Interferometry; Avalanche-induced secondary effects; Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc) 1Corresponding author.

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New Accuracy Testing of the Lightning VHF Interferometer by an Artificial Intercloud Pulse Generator

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Lightning Mapping: Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities

Lightning Mapping: Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunities

A New Hybrid Algorithm to Image Lightning Channels Combining the Time Difference of Arrival Technique and Electromagnetic Time Reversal Technique

Lightning observations using broadband VHF interferometer and electric field measurements

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