New approaches in optical access networks to increase network flexibility and achieve 5G targets: an operator's view

Energy Conservation in Passive Optical Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

“…To overcome these limitations in the legacy PON architectures, in recent years, a growing number of research studies and several industry groups, such as the ONF, the Open Compute Project (OCP), NTT Flexible Access System Architecture (FASA) project, and the Telecom Infra Project (TIP), as well as standardization organizations like the BBF introduced SDN controlled PON architectures [109], [152]. By decoupling control and data plane, the control plane for the OLT can be designed agnostic to the specific hardware platform [109], [152]. The global knowledge of the network state in an SDN controller simplifies introducing more advanced networking functions, services, and applications [127].…”

“…The global knowledge of the network state in an SDN controller simplifies introducing more advanced networking functions, services, and applications [127]. The integration of SDN in PON will facilitate cost-efficient, flexible and speed services creation and faster upgrade of any function whenever required such as due to standard evolution and advent of network security threads [152]- [156]. For example, as lighted by Nishimoto et al in [156] that a software form of DBA provides service providers with the opportunity to update the DBA to meet the requirement of new services they wish to deploy.…”

“…In [182], Konstantinou et al demonstrated how ROADM can be applied in a ultradense WDM-PON ring integrated with a 5G access network infrastructure to facilitate dynamic wavelength routing. c) Optical White Box: A white box is a network switch which is built using off-the-shelf chips and allows installing of any software for network operation [152], [183]. With the advent of SDN, the white box switching concept is gaining interest.…”

“…SDN facilitates dynamic programmable PON configuration [152], [289]. It makes a PON system to be an integral part of a larger network by establishing a unified control platform; thereby allowing the PON and its connected networks to dynamically adjust and coordinate their operations to maximize energy conservation and improve traffic forwarding [1], [289], [290].…”

Geometrically Shaped Odd-Bit QAM Constellations Suitable for Principal Component-Based Phase Estimation

“…With the continuous growth of global data communication traffic, optical communication systems, as the bearers of global interconnection, are evolving in the direction of large capacity, low complexity, high flexibility, high reliability, and low cost [1][2][3][4][5][6]. To meet the application needs of optical communication systems in various scenarios, such as ultra-long-distance transmission [7], optical wireless communication [8,9], and data center interconnection (DCI) [10], a large number of cutting-edge technologies have emerged in recent years to ensure that optical transmission systems can provide high-speed, low-latency, large-capacity, and low-noise transmission services for global users.…”