New Approaches to Ecosystemic Study of Animals (Birds) Population Health Under Conditions of the North-Western Region of the Russian Federation

Abstract

The purpose of our research was to study the formation, functioning and structure of the nosological profile of infectious and invasive pathology of animals (birds) under conditions of the NorthWestern Region of the Russian Federation, to identify the main nosological units that form the epizootic and epidemic risk in the region and based on this to justify and determine the priority of measures for optimisation the anti-epizootic support of poultry farming in the region. In modern veterinary and biological sciences, there had been formed a concept about systemic understanding of ecologization in epizootology and epidemiology. A holistic scientific concept about the infectious parasitic system and self-regulation of the epizootic process of infectious and invasive parasitic systems had been formed (V. D. Belyakov et al., 1987). The notions "infection" and "infectious disease" are full-fledged components of parasitism (I. A. Bakulov, 1997; V. V. Sochnev, 1997; V. P. Urban, 1997; V. V. Makarov, 2022). In global epizootology the global epizootological category had been formulated – epizootological parameters of animals population, including population health, population reproduction, its economic utility and epidemic danger (V. V. Makarov, V. V. Sochnev, O. V. Kozyrenko, 2022; V. V. Sochnev, Yu. V. Pashkina, 2019). Animals health level largely depends on comfortness of the environment for their organisms, on epizootic safety of the territories, on the sustainability of ecological niche of parasitic systems pathogens and their epizootological geography. In the paper the animals infectious pathology nosological profile is studied under conditions of the North-Western Region of the Russian Federation, under conditions of a metropolis and its suburbs. The ecological niche of disease pathogens, its dependence on density axis and on host populations diversity were measured in quantities. It was discovered that the territorial boundaries for epizootic manifestation of the animals (birds) infectious pathology nosological units in the region tend to be formed under multifactorial influence, one of the main factors being the formation of the ecological niche of pathogens. In the North-Western Region the animals (birds) infectious pathology was formed from bacterioses in 11.49 %, from virosis in 12.4 %, from mycoses in 2.46 % and from invasive units in 73.6 %. The parasitic diseases of the ecosystem and their monoand polyhost epizootic manifestation were studied; the involvement of productive and unproductive animals populations co-members in the parasitic systems functioning was analysed; animals (birds) infectious pathologies dominating in the region were identified and the visualization of dominance semiotics of the specific nosological units was achieved by constructing Pareto diagrams.