New Artificial Diet for Continuous Rearing of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Abstract

The Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is an important rice, Oryza sativa L., pest in China and difficult to control with conventional pest management. To develop and optimize integrated pest management strategies, efficient and economic artificial diet and rearing protocols are desirable. A new artificial diet based on soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., powder and fresh water bamboo, Zizania caduciflora (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz, was formulated and rearing technique was developed. Fitness parameters including larval development, immature survival, pupal weight, pupation, adult emergence, egg hatchability, and oviposition were measured to evaluate the performance of C. suppressalis fed on the diet over 15 successive generations. C. suppressalis reared on the artificial diet showed better performance with shorter developmental stage, similar larval survival rate and fecundity, and heavier pupae compared with that fed on rice plants and fresh water bamboo. A positive correlation was observed between number of eggs laid per female and number of generations reared on the diet. Larval development time tended to be shortened with successive rearing on the artificial diet. These results indicated that C. suppressalis adapted well to the artificial diet and successive rearing conditions. The diet could serve as a viable alternative to natural host plants for consecutive rearing of the insect. In addition, the diet is inexpensive (US$1.5/1,000 g) and easy to make. The better preserve ability of the diet required only one diet replacement during the rearing process. The successful development of the diet and rearing technique provides a very useful tool for refining stem borer pest management techniques.

Consumption of Bt Maize Pollen Containing Cry1Ie Does Not Negatively Affect Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

“…Newly hatched P. japonica larvae (<12 h after emergence) were used for the experiments. A Bt -susceptible strain of C. suppressalis was maintained on an artificial diet for over 80 generations in the laboratory [44]. All insects were reared in a climatic chamber at 26 ± 1 °C, 75% ± 5% RH and a 16:8 h light: dark photoperiod.…”

Knockdown of the MAPK p38 pathway increases the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca toxin

“…Larvae were kept at 28 ± 1 °C under a 16-h photoperiod, > 80% relative humidity and fed on an artificial diet34. The Cry1Ca toxin used in this study is a gift from Dr. Jie Zhang (Institute of Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Science).…”

Binding Site Concentration Explains the Differential Susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis and Sesamia inferens to Cry1A-Producing Rice

“…Laboratory colonies of C. suppressalis and S. inferens used in this study were originally initiated from larvae collected from paddy fields in Shucheng (32°28=N, 116°55=E), Anhui Province, China, in 2010. Insects were reared on an artificial diet as previously described (22) without exposure to any Bt toxin for 5 generations before testing. All cultures were kept under constant conditions of a temperature of 27 Ϯ 1°C, 70 to 80% relative humidity (RH), and a photoperiod of 16:8 h…”