New bioactive steroids from the soft coral Klyxum flaccidum

Abstract

The structures, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of steroids isolated from the soft coral Klyxum flaccidum are reported.

Bioactive Steroids from the Formosan Soft Coral Umbellulifera petasites

“…Marine organisms, including octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), have been shown to be a rich source of a variety of polyoxygenated steroids [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Some of these metabolites possess important bioactivities, such as cytotoxic [1,3,5,6,9,11,12,13,14], anti-inflammatory [3,6,8,11,13,14], antiviral [3,4], and antibacterial activities [3,7,10].…”

“…Some of these metabolites possess important bioactivities, such as cytotoxic [1,3,5,6,9,11,12,13,14], anti-inflammatory [3,6,8,11,13,14], antiviral [3,4], and antibacterial activities [3,7,10]. In order to discover medicinally useful natural compounds, we investigated the chemical constituents of a soft coral Umbellulifera petasites , which was chemically examined for the first time.…”

Marine Pharmacology in 2014–2015: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, Antiviral, and Anthelmintic Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action

“…[185][186][187]; two new briarane diterpenoids briaviolides E and I (170,171), isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Briareum violacea [188]; a new pigmented phenazine compound dermacozine H (172), isolated from the actinomycete Dermacoccus abyssi sp. nov. strain MT1.1, isolated from a Mariana Trench sediment at a depth of 10,898 m [189]; a novel sesquiterpene dysifragilone A (173), isolated from the South China Sea sponge Dysidea fragilis [190]; a new xenicane 4α-hydroxypachylactone (174), isolated from a Chinese brown alga Dictyota plectens [191]; a polyketide comaparvin (175), isolated from the Taiwanese marine crinoid Comanthus bennetti [192]; two novel eunicellin-type diterpenoids hirsutalins N and S (176, 177) and a new tocopherol-derived metabolite hirsutocospiro A (178), isolated from the Taiwanese soft coral Cladiella hirsuta [193][194][195]; a new cembranoid isosinulaflexiolide K (179), isolated from cultured Taiwanese soft corals Sinularia sandensis and Sinularia flexibilis [196]; a novel 9,11-secogorgosteroid klyflaccisteroid F (180), isolated from the Taiwaneses soft coral Klyxum flaccidum [197]; new eunicellin-type diterpenoids krempfielins N (181), Q (182), and R (183), isolated from a Taiwanese soft coral Cladiella krempfi [198,199]; a methylfarnesylquinone (184), isolated from the Taiwanese marine brown alga Homeostrichus formosana [200]; a novel steroid monanchosterol B (185), isolated from the Korean sponge Monanchora sp. [201]; a oxygenated steroid derivative (186), isolated from the Vietnamese starfish Protoreaster nodosus [202]; a new spirobisnaphthalene rhytidenone C (187), isolated from an extract of a cultured fungal endophyte Rhytidhysteron sp.…”

“…As shown in Table 2 and Figure 2, in 2014-2015, the preclinical marine nervous system pharmacology of compounds (196)(197)(198)(199)(200)(201)(202)(203)(204)(205)(206)(207)(208)(209)(210)(211) described several mechanism of action: at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and potassium channels, with conopeptides, and in models of antinociception and neuroprotection.…”

“…The neuroprotective activity of marine compounds (196,197 , 205, 206, 211) was reported in five studies.…”