New Biotype of Acyrthosiphon kondoi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Alfalfa in Oklahoma

Zarrabi, Ali A.; Berberet, R. C.; Caddel, J. L.

doi:10.1093/jee/88.5.1461

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…overcomes the resistant characteristics of CUF 101. The existence of "resistant" A. pisum (BOURNOVILLE et al, 2000) and A. kondoi (ZARRABI et al, 1995) biotypes to CUF 101 was already reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of the inherent variation in the mineral concentration of alfalfa cultivars on aphid populations

Silva¹,

Varanda

Primavesi

2005

Bragantia

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Plants have inherent variability of mineral content which affects their physiology and consequently the herbivorous insects feeding on them. Besides, insects need considerable amounts of potassium, phosphorus and magnesium in their diets, whereas little calcium, sodium and chloride are required. In this study, the inherent variation on mineral (Ca, S, Mg, N, P, K and also C:N ratio) concentrations and aphid (Acyrthosiphon spp., Therioaphis maculata, Aphis craccivora) populations on three alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars (P3; Crioula, the most widely cultivated in Brazil, and CUF 101, an aphid-resistant) were studied between September/1997 and August/1998. A significant variation on mineral concentrations and aphid populations was observed among different sampling times and cultivars. The correlations between C:N ratio, Mg, N, P and S concentrations and aphid density variation suggest that the mineral status affects aphid population dynamics under field conditions. Key words: Aphididae, insecta, nutrients, resistance, plant-insect relation. RESUMO EFEITO DA VARIAÇÃO INATA DA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE MINERAIS EM CULTIVARES DE ALFAFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA) EM POPULAÇÕES DE AFÍDEOS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)As plantas têm variação inata do conteúdo de minerais e seu estado nutricional afeta sua fisiologia cloretos. A variação inata na concentração de minerais (Ca, S, Mg, N, P, K e também a razão C:N) e na população de afídeos (Acyrthosiphon spp., Therioaphis maculata, Aphis craccivora) em três cultivares de alfafa (M. sativa) -P3; Crioula, as mais cultivadas no Brasil, e CUF 101, resistente a afídeos -foi estudada entre setembro/1997 a agosto/1998 neste trabalho. A concentração de minerais e as populações de pulgões variaram significativamente entre os diferentes períodos de coleta e cultivares. As correlações encontradas entre as concentrações de Mg, N, P, S e a razão C:N e a variação no número de pulgões sugerem que os minerais da planta afetam a dinâmica populacional dos pulgões em campo.Palavras-chave: Aphididae, insecta, nutrientes, resistência, relação planta-inseto.A.A. Silva et al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of the inherent variation in the mineral concentration of alfalfa cultivars on aphid populations

Silva¹,

Varanda

Primavesi

2005

Bragantia

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“…Aphid biotypes are routinely detected and monitored by exposing an aphid population of unknown virulence capacity to a set of plant cultivars possessing different aphid resistance genes or gene combinations . The process has documented virulence in A. idaei and in the larger raspberry aphid Amphorophora agathonica , the wooly aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), the rosy leaf curling aphid Dysaphis devecta (Walker), the lettuce leaf aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri , the pea aphid A. pisum , the spotted alfalfa aphid Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), the blue alfalfa aphid Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji, the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), the greenbug aphid Schizaphis graminum Rondani and the Russian wheat Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov) …”

Section: Aphid Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some of the cases displayed in Table , monogenic‐based antibiosis resistance has placed selection pressure on the aphid to develop virulence. For example, the Nr gene in lettuce for resistance to P. bursarius lasted only 10 years, and genes in alfalfa for resistance to A. kondoi lasted approximately 15 years . Yet examples of long‐lasting resistance exist as well: antibiosis resistance in raspberry to A. idaei in the United Kingdom and to A. agathonica in North America each lasted ∼50 years before the occurrence of biotypes .…”

Section: Aphid Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant resistance to aphid feeding: behavioral, physiological, genetic and molecular cues regulate aphid host selection and feeding

Smith

Chuang

2014

Pest Management Science

127

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Aphids damage major world food and fiber crops through direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. Fortunately, the development of many aphid-resistant crop plants has provided both ecological and economic benefits to food production. Plant characters governing aphid host selection often dictate eventual plant resistance or susceptibility to aphid herbivory, and these phenotypic characters have been successfully used to map aphid resistance genes. Aphid resistance is often inherited as a dominant trait, but is also polygenic and inherited as recessive or incompletely dominant traits. Most aphid-resistant cultivars exhibit constitutively expressed defenses, but some cultivars exhibit dramatic aphid-induced responses, resulting in the overexpression of large ensembles of putative aphid resistance genes. Two aphid resistance genes have been cloned. Mi-1.2, an NBS-LRR gene from wild tomato, confers resistance to potato aphid and three Meloidogyne root-knot nematode species, and Vat, an NBS-LRR gene from melon, controls resistance to the cotton/melon aphid and to some viruses. Virulence to aphid resistance genes of plants occurs in 17 aphid species--more than half of all arthropod biotypes demonstrating virulence. The continual appearance of aphid virulence underscores the need to identify new sources of resistance of diverse sequence and function in order to delay or prevent biotype development.

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“…Unfortunately, some of these genes are temperature-dependent, losing efficacy at temperature below approximately 15 • C (Summers & Newton, 1987). In addition, the capacity of aphids to develop resistance-breaking "virulent" biotypes has been demonstrated by A. kondoi on alfalfa in Oklahoma (Zarrabi et al, 1995). Though not yet a problem in alfalfa/lucerne, aphid virulence is a documented problem for potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)) on tomato and for Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)) on wheat, and as such these resistant lines may not be sustainable (Goggin et al, 2001;Smith et al, 2004).…”

Section: Conventional Breeding Of Resistance To Insect Pests In Legumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to insect pests: What do legumes have to offer?

Edwards

Singh

2006

Euphytica

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Insect pests are major problems for all crops, worldwide. In this review we will focus on legumes, which are attacked by a range of insect pests including pod/seed feeders, defoliators and sap feeders. We review the history of breeding for resistance to insect pests in legumes, which has had mixed success, and discuss further opportunities in this area. We also review the extraordinary array of direct and indirect mechanisms contributing to insect defence in legumes, the understanding and exploitation of which offer opportunities for both legume and non-legume crops. There is also good potential to improve insect resistance in legume crops through a detailed understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate induced responses to insect feeding, and recent progress in this area, primarily obtained from non-legume systems, is reviewed. The importance legumes play in farming systems, their wide range of novel chemistry and the emergence of model systems suitable for genomic approaches present opportunities for research in this area strongly linked to breeding programs to help develop legume crops with enhanced insect resistance.

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New Biotype of Acyrthosiphon kondoi (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Alfalfa in Oklahoma

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of the inherent variation in the mineral concentration of alfalfa cultivars on aphid populations

Effect of the inherent variation in the mineral concentration of alfalfa cultivars on aphid populations

Plant resistance to aphid feeding: behavioral, physiological, genetic and molecular cues regulate aphid host selection and feeding

Resistance to insect pests: What do legumes have to offer?

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