New Bistable Solutions in Molecular Cloud Chemistry: Nitrogen and Carbon Autocatalysis

Abstract

We have investigated the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds and found new bistable solutions in the nitrogen and carbon chemistries. We identify the autocatalytic processes that are present in the pure, reduced, chemical networks and find, as previously found for oxygen chemistry, that He+ plays an important role. The applicability of these results to astronomical environments is briefly discussed. The bistable solutions found for carbon chemistry occur for low densities and high ionization fractions that are not compatible with those found in cold, dense clouds. Bistability in the pure nitrogen chemistry occurs for conditions that are relevant for prestellar cores in which significant CO depletion has taken place. We conclude that several autocatalyses are embedded in gas-phase interstellar chemistry and that many more are potentially present.

PDFchem: A new fast method to determine ISM properties and infer environmental parameters using probability distributions

“…Early work of LeBourlot et al (1993) demonstrated the existence of bi-stability in such solutions in dark molecular gas. Subsequent papers (e.g Viti et al 2001;Roueff & Le Bourlot 2020;Dufour & Charnley 2021). have also addressed and examined further bi-stability, especially in the oxygen chemistry.…”