“…Higher education institutions in other affected countries, such as Italy, Iran, and Singapore, were forced to halt their operations and close their campuses instead of opting for online learning over in-person classes (Bao, 2020). In this regard, Matvienko, Kuzmina, Yamchynska, Kuzmin,& Glazunova (2021) have discussed that "Education that implied much of face-to-face communication and collaboration became an area of Arab World English Journal www.awej.org ISSN: 2229-9327 41 serious concern even in well-developed countries where distance learning had appeared years before the pandemic." (p.137) To ensure educational continuity, schools and universities have embraced online learning/teaching as an alternative.…”