New challenges in sample preparation: Miniaturized stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction as a high-throughput and feasible approach for low-availability sample preparation

Azorín, Cristian; Benedé, Juan L.; Chisvert, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2022.340627

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A lab-made multiextraction assembly consisting of a magnetic stirrer MX-3K (18 W, 0 to 3000 rpm) from Anzeser (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) with a 3D-printed support for up to 15,400 μL flat-base glass inserts (31 mm height × 4 mm i.d.) from Labbox (Barcelona, Spain) was used to carry out the mSBSDME . Cylindrical NdFeB magnets (3 mm length × 2 mm diameter, 45 MGO) from Supermagnete (Gottmadingen, Germany) were used to disperse and collect the magnetic sorbent from the donor solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the stirring is over, the magnetic attraction prevails and the sorbent is captured by the bar. The technique has been recently scaled down in the so-called miniaturized stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction (mSBSDME), which presents important advantages. It is adapted to process low-availability samples (e.g., saliva and the follicular fluid) , because of the reduction of the extraction device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique has been recently scaled down in the so-called miniaturized stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction (mSBSDME), which presents important advantages. It is adapted to process low-availability samples (e.g., saliva and the follicular fluid) , because of the reduction of the extraction device. It decreases the sorbent and solvent requirements, thus reducing waste generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling Miniaturized Stir Bar Sorptive Dispersive Microextraction to Needle-Based Electrospray Ionization Emitters for Mass Spectrometry: Determination of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Saliva as a Proof of Concept

López-Juan,

Millán-Santiago,

Benedé

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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Direct coupling of sample preparation with mass spectrometry (MS) can speed up analysis, enabling faster decision-making. In such combinations, where the analysis time is mainly defined by the extraction procedure, magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction emerges as a relevant technique because of its rapid workflow. The dispersion and retrieval of the magnetic sorbent are typically uncoupled stages, thus reducing the potential simplicity. Stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction (SBSDME) is a novel technique that integrates both stages into a single device. Its miniaturization (mSBSDME) makes it more portable and compatible with low-availability samples. This article reports the direct combination of mSBSDME and MS using a needle-based electrospray ionization (NESI) emitter as the interface. This combination is applied to determine tetrahydrocannabinol in saliva samples, a relevant societal problem if the global consumption rates of cannabis are considered. The coupling requires only the transference of the magnet (containing the sorbent and the isolated analyte) from the mSBSDME to the hub of a hypodermic needle, where the online elution occurs. The application of 5 kV on the needle forms an electrospray on its tip, transferring the ionized analyte to the MS inlet. The excellent performance of mSBSDME-NESI-MS/MS relies on the sensitivity (limits of detection as low as 2.25 ng mL–1), the precision (relative standard deviation lower than 15%), and the accuracy (relative recoveries ranged from 87 to 127%) obtained. According to the results, the mSBSDME-NESI-MS/MS technique promises faster and more efficient chemical analysis in MS-based applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling Miniaturized Stir Bar Sorptive Dispersive Microextraction to Needle-Based Electrospray Ionization Emitters for Mass Spectrometry: Determination of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Saliva as a Proof of Concept

López-Juan,

Millán-Santiago,

Benedé

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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“…Table summarizes recent contributions related to green sample preparation methods for bioanalysis. ,,− As it can be seen, there is not a clear preference for the use of liquid-based or solid-based extractions. A clear trend cannot be observed in the materials/solvents selected, with both commercial and lab-made alternatives being used.…”

Section: Green Sample Preparation Applied To Environmental and Biolog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Green Sample Preparation: Fostering a Sustainable Tomorrow in Analytical Sciences

Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela,

Gionfriddo

2024

Anal. Chem.

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“…In this technique, which combines the operational modes of SBSE and D‐μSPE, a neodymium magnetic bar (typically 10 × 3 mm od) is used for both magnetic sorbent dispersion and retrieval by changing the stirring rate [57]. Following the trends in sample preparation, this same research group recently presented a miniaturized version of SBSDME [58]. Affordable flat‐base glass inserts and minute bar‐shape neodymium magnets (3 × 2 mm od) were used as extraction devices held by a specifically designed multiextraction assembly, composed of a high‐rate stirring plate and a 3D‐printed support (Figure 3).…”

Section: Miniaturization Of Sorbent‐based Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultramicroextraction as a miniaturization of the already miniaturized. A step toward nanoextraction and beyond

Azorín

Benedé

Chisvert

2023

J of Separation Science

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Miniaturization of the analytical process has been a widespread trend, and the sample preparation stage is not exempted from this downscaling. Since the introduction of microextraction techniques as miniaturization of classical extraction techniques, they have become one of the strengths in this field. However, some of the original approaches to these techniques did not fully cover all the current principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. For this reason, during the last years, much emphasis has been placed on reducing/eliminating toxic reagents, reducing the amount of the extraction phase, and searching for new greener, and more selective extractant materials. On the other hand, even though high accomplishments have been achieved, the same attention has not always been paid to reducing the amount of sample, which is essential when treating low‐availability samples such as biological samples, or in developing portable devices. In this review, we intend to give the readership an overview of the advances toward further miniaturization of microextraction techniques. Finally, a brief reflection is made on the terminology used, or that should, in our opinion, be used to term these new generation of miniaturized microextraction approaches. To this regard, the term, ‘ultramicroextraction’ is proposed to refer to those approaches beyond microextraction.

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New challenges in sample preparation: Miniaturized stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction as a high-throughput and feasible approach for low-availability sample preparation

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Coupling Miniaturized Stir Bar Sorptive Dispersive Microextraction to Needle-Based Electrospray Ionization Emitters for Mass Spectrometry: Determination of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Saliva as a Proof of Concept

Coupling Miniaturized Stir Bar Sorptive Dispersive Microextraction to Needle-Based Electrospray Ionization Emitters for Mass Spectrometry: Determination of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Saliva as a Proof of Concept

Evolution of Green Sample Preparation: Fostering a Sustainable Tomorrow in Analytical Sciences

Ultramicroextraction as a miniaturization of the already miniaturized. A step toward nanoextraction and beyond

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