New challenges in wireless and free space optical communications

Mansour, Ali; Mesleh, Raed; Abaza, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2016.03.027

Cited by 182 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The path loss is basically depends on the link distance and the atmospheric attenuation which describes the weather conditions going from clear air, hazy, rainy and foggy. The work [22], [25] provide some typical values of the atmospheric attenuations describing the corresponding weather conditions. Moreover, the optical signal is also subject to the pointing errors which can be described as the misalignment between the laser-emitting relay and the receiver photodetector.…”

Section: B Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Tractable Approach to MmWaves Cellular Analysis With FSO Backhauling Under Feedback Delay and Hardware Limitations

Balti

Johnson

2020

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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In this work, we investigate the performance of a millimeter waves (mmWaves) cellular system with free space optical (FSO) backhauling. MmWave channels are subject to Nakagami-m fading while the optical links experience the Double Generalized Gamma including atmospheric turbulence, path loss and the misalignment between the transmitter and the receiver aperture (also known as the pointing errors). The FSO model also takes into account the receiver detection technique which could be either heterodyne or intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD). Each user equipment (UE) has to be associated to one serving base station (BS) based on the received signal strength (RSS) or Channel State Information (CSI). We assume partial relay selection (PRS) with CSI based on mmWaves channels to select the BS associated with the highest received CSI. Each serving BS decodes the received signal for denoising, converts it into modulated FSO signal, and then forwards it to the data center. Thereby, each BS can be viewed as a decode-and-forward (DF) relay. In practice, the relay hardware suffers from nonlinear high power amplification (HPA) impairments which, substantially degrade the system performance. In this work, we will discuss the impacts of three common HPA impairments named respectively, soft envelope limiter (SEL), traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA), and solid state power amplifier (SSPA). Novel closed-forms and tight upper bounds of the outage probability, the probability of error, and the achievable rate are derived. Capitalizing on these performance, we derive the high SNR asymptotes to get engineering insights into the system gain such as the diversity order. I. INTRODUCTIONWith the rapid increase of the internet base, the mobile stations, and the extremely high demand for bandwidth, the microwave Radio Frequency (RF) cellular systems have reached a saturation level owing to the limited spectrum, and expensive access licence. Although, many research attempts in cognitive radio allow parallel utilization of the bandwidth between the primary and secondary users, the last ones still suffer from the spectrum drought since they are always leveraging from some spectrum holes left by the primary users. Moreover, the backhaul network cannot support the big data flow even for the licenced primary ones.Moreover, the backhaul network cannot support the big data flow even for the licenced primary ones. Recent attempts have proposed the usage of optical fibers (OF) as a solution for the backhaul network congestion. However, for ultra dense cellular networks, a large number of OF are needed given that these cable installations are very costly and the space installation of such cables to serve large number of cells/users are limited and even restricted in some areas. A. MotivationTo support such network densification, millimeter waves (mmWaves) technology, which refers to the spectrum from 28 to 300 GHz, has emerged as a promising solution to replace microwave communications. In fact, mmWaves provide a large available spectrum...

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Section: B Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Tractable Approach to MmWaves Cellular Analysis With FSO Backhauling Under Feedback Delay and Hardware Limitations

Balti

Johnson

2020

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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“…Although FSO links have recently gained enormous attention due to the aforementioned advantages, they are extremely sensitive to atmospheric weather conditions, e.g., rain, fog, and snow [7], [12]. Standard values of the atmospheric path loss relative to the weather conditions are detailed and given by [13], [14]. In addition, FSO links experience the turbulenceinduced fading of atmoshperic eddies, which can be modeled by Log-Normal distribution.…”

Section: A Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed RF/FSO Cooperative Relaying Systems With Co-Channel Interference

Balti

Guizani

2018

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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In this paper, we provide a global framework analysis of a dual-hop mixed radio frequency (RF)/free space optical (FSO) system with multiple branches/relays wherein the first and second hops, respectively, consist of RF and FSO channels. To cover various cases of fading, we propose generalized channels' models for RF and FSO links that follow the Nakagami-m and the double generalized gamma distributions, respectively. Moreover, we suggest channel state information (CSI)-assisted relaying or variable relaying gain based amplifiyand-forward amplification. Partial relay selection with outdated CSI is assumed as a relay selection protocol based on the knowledge of the RF CSI. In order to derive the end-toend signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio statistics, such as the cumulative distribution function, the probability density function, the higher order moments, the amount of fading and the moment generating function, the numerical values of the fading severity parameters are only valid for integer values. Based on these statistics, we derive closed-forms of the outage probability, the bit error probability, the ergodic capacity, and the outage capacity in terms of Meijer-G, univariate, bivariate, and trivariate Fox-H functions. Capitalizing on these expressions, we derive the asymptotic high SNR to unpack valuable engineering insights of the system performance. Monte Carlo simulation is used to confirm the analytical expressions.Index Terms-Nakagami-m, double generalized gamma, co-channel interference, outdated CSI, CSI-assisted relaying, multiple branchs/relays.

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“…As can be known by formulas (1), (2), and (3), the LS algorithm does not need to know the statistical features of channel in advance. But the noise has influence on the channel estimation.…”

Section: The Principle Of Traditional Channel Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High altitude platform station (HAPS) is a stranded in 20 km∼50 km height of near space, a particular location which is a stationary platform relative to the ground. It can be seen as between terrestrial communication system and satellite communication system between communications system [1,2]. It is aimed at the height of the development of land and space between spaces of potential interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Channel Estimation and Modeling in High Altitude Platform Station Wireless Communication Dynamic Network

Liu

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2017

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

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In order to analyze the channel estimation performance of near space high altitude platform station (HAPS) in wireless communication system, the structure and formation of HAPS are studied in this paper. The traditional Least Squares (LS) channel estimation method and Singular Value Decomposition-Linear Minimum Mean-Squared (SVD-LMMS) channel estimation method are compared and investigated. A novel channel estimation method and model are proposed. The channel estimation performance of HAPS is studied deeply. The simulation and theoretical analysis results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the traditional methods. The lower Bit Error Rate (BER) and higher Signal Noise Ratio (SNR) can be obtained by the proposed method compared with the LS and SVD-LMMS methods.

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New challenges in wireless and free space optical communications

Cited by 182 publications

References 75 publications

Tractable Approach to MmWaves Cellular Analysis With FSO Backhauling Under Feedback Delay and Hardware Limitations

Tractable Approach to MmWaves Cellular Analysis With FSO Backhauling Under Feedback Delay and Hardware Limitations

Mixed RF/FSO Cooperative Relaying Systems With Co-Channel Interference

The Channel Estimation and Modeling in High Altitude Platform Station Wireless Communication Dynamic Network

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