New City Block Design Approaches Incorporating Environmental Assessment for Downtown Districts in Cities with Severe Winter Climates

Watanabe, Norihiro; Setoguchi, Tsuyoshi; Sato, Koya; Tsutsumi, Takuya

doi:10.3130/jaabe.15.455

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Limited studies have been performed on the environmental influence of snow and wind in simulation tests using wind tunnels for urban design. Setoguchi and Watanabe et al considered the urban-design process, including snow and wind environmental assessments for winter cities [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. These studies discussed models that were theoretically planned for developing desirable urban designs.…”

Section: Urban-design Process With Snow and Wind Simulations: A Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban-Design Process with Snow and Wind Simulations: A Study on the Kitami City Hall

Watanabe¹,

Setoguchi²,

Yokoyama³

et al. 2017

JCEA

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Regional climatic conditions should be considered while designing urban development plans, with special attention to the impact of snowfall on public spaces in cities with harsh winters. The Kitami-city-hall-renewal project in Hokkaido, Japan was studied as an environmental assessment of snow drifting. Assessments of the two site plans proposed during the architectural planning process (A-type and B-type) were conducted in terms of the following three items: (1) The two site plans indicate snow-drifting problems around the main entrance; (2) More number of local snowdrifts on the main-street sidewalks were suggested in the B-type design; (3) Less number of snowdrifts in the parking area beside the railroad were indicated in the A-type design. These results were reflected in the architectural planning process. On the basis of this study, a desirable design process incorporating environmental assessments has been identified for cities with harsh winters.

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Section: Urban-design Process With Snow and Wind Simulations: A Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban-Design Process with Snow and Wind Simulations: A Study on the Kitami City Hall

Watanabe¹,

Setoguchi²,

Yokoyama³

et al. 2017

JCEA

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“…Setoguchi et al [32] also proposed a method for estimating the amount of energy required for snow removal using their simulations. Setoguchi et al [28,29] discussed about the low-rise building design and Setoguchi et al [27,[30][31][32] and Watanabe et al [33] discussed about the medium-density buildings with 500-800% Floor Area Ratio (FAR). The 500-800% FAR is equal to the current FAR in downtown Sapporo.…”

Section: Building Design Urban Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anno [22] Smedley et al [23] Yukawa et al [24] Mitsuhashi [25] Yukawa et al [26] Setoguchi et al [27][28][29][30][31][32] Watanabe et al [33] Kim et al [15], Meng et al [19], Bosselmann et al [20] and Arens et al [21] produced useful studies of downtown San Francisco, California, United States, and they demonstrated the environmental impact of high-and mid-rise buildings using wind simulations conducted solely using a wind tunnel which compared San Francisco's wind conditions in 1985 and 2013 using a wind tunnel [15,[19][20][21]. Kim et al [15] suggested that the planning guidelines enacted since 1985 were effective in improving the wind comfort in public spaces.…”

Section: Building Design Urban Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Setoguchi et al [27][28][29] and Watanabe et al [33] all considered the urban design process, including assessments of the impact of snow and wind on winter cities. By comparing high-and mid-rise buildings in Sapporo, Japan, [30,31] found that high-rise buildings more strongly impacted the surrounding snow and wind conditions than mid-rise buildings.…”

Section: Building Design Urban Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Block Design Process for High-Rise and High-Density Districts with Snow and Wind Simulations for Winter Cities

Watanabe

Setoguchi

Maeda³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Urban designs that consider regional climatic conditions are one of the most important approaches for developing sustainable cities. In cities that suffer from heavy snow and cold winds in winter, an urban design approach different than that used for warm cities should be used. This study presents a scientific design process (the sustainable design approach) that incorporates environmental and energy assessments that use snow and wind simulations to establish guidelines for the design of urban blocks in high-rise and high-density districts so that the impact of snow and wind can be minimized in these cities. A city block in downtown Sapporo, Japan, was used as a case study, and we evaluated four conceptual models. The four models were evaluated for how they impacted the snow and wind conditions in the block as well as the snow removal energy. Based on the results, we were able to identify the design guidelines in downtown Sapporo: an urban block design with higher building height ratio without the mid-rise part can reduce the snowdrifts and lower the snow removal energy. The proposed sustainable urban design approach would be effective in improving the quality of public spaces and reducing snow removal energy in winter cities.

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“…Baruch (1998) discussed the relationship among building, design, and climate, introducing design principles in different climate regions, broadly including cold regions. Using wind and snow tunnel simulation and evaluation, Setoguchi et al (2004Setoguchi et al ( , 2007Setoguchi et al ( , 2008Setoguchi et al ( , 2009) and Watanabe et al (2016) discussed design procedures for winter cities, especially those suffering heavy snow. They discussed urban structures and building forms which are suitable for outdoor activities in cold season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Open Space Design Study on the Basis of Microclimate and Spatial Behavior in Hot and Cold Weather Conditions in Downtown Area

Guo¹,

Setoguchi²,

Watanabe³

et al. 2018

MAS

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Microclimate in open space affected by the urban layouts and spatial forms plays an important role in the outdoor comfort, thus the outdoor activities based on the comfort sensation will directly affected by the microclimate. An outstanding open space should satisfy different requirements of outdoor activities and create relatively comfortable sensation.Most studies have been conducted on these relationships only above 0 Celsius degree. However, only few have focused on extreme situations in both hot and cold seasons. Therefore, from microclimate perspective, taking people's comfort and spatial behaviors as criterions, this research discussed how the open space forms affect microclimate, thus affect comfort sensation and spatial behaviors. The outcomes may provide some useful insights for planners and architects to understand the relationship among microclimate, open space and people.Results showed that microclimate obviously affected people's comfort. In hot season, shade and air-flow played crucial roles in outdoor comfort. People tend to stay outside in the shade and the area with higher air velocity. After sunset is popular period for outdoor activities. In cold season, at the same ambient temperature, lower air velocity raised the comfort level. Shade also had influences on comfort sensation but do not affect spatial behaviors significantly. This paper also proposes optimization design proposals of densely populated open space based on extreme microclimate and spatial behaviour.

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New City Block Design Approaches Incorporating Environmental Assessment for Downtown Districts in Cities with Severe Winter Climates

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Urban-Design Process with Snow and Wind Simulations: A Study on the Kitami City Hall

Urban-Design Process with Snow and Wind Simulations: A Study on the Kitami City Hall

Sustainable Block Design Process for High-Rise and High-Density Districts with Snow and Wind Simulations for Winter Cities

Public Open Space Design Study on the Basis of Microclimate and Spatial Behavior in Hot and Cold Weather Conditions in Downtown Area

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