New constraints on the genesis of the giant Dayingezhuang gold (silver) deposit in the Jiaodong district, North China Craton

Yuan, Zhongzheng; Li, Zhan-Ke; Zhao, Xin-Fu; Sun, Heping; Qiu, Hua‐Ning; Li, Jianwei

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.103038

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The association of Au with Ag, Pb, and Bi most likely reflects the controls on gold enrichment from galena. The close relationship between gold and galena in the Jiaodong-type gold deposits was documented in [18,72] and our recent works [73,74], implying a common function of galena for gold mineralization. Apparently, galena should be reasonably estimated as a gold concentrator at the Jiaodong-type gold deposits.…”

Section: Gold Occurrence and Its Controlssupporting

confidence: 69%

Evolution of Pyrite Compositions at the Sizhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Implications for the Genesis of Jiaodong-Type Orogenic Gold Mineralization

et al. 2021

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Gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula represent a primary gold resource in China and mostly exhibit similar ore-forming features related to sericite-quartz-pyrite alteration and other controls from (micro-)structural deformation. This study investigates the pyrite textures and trace elements in the Sizhuang gold deposit (>100 t Au) to document the key factors impacting on the genesis of the Jiaodong-type orogenic deposits. Three main types of pyrite are identified: (1) the first generation of pyrite (Py1) occurs as disseminated euhedral to subhedral grains in K-feldspar-albite-rutile-hematite and sericite alteration (stage 1), (2) Py2 as aggregates in quartz-sericite-pyrite altered rocks or quartz-pyrite veins (stage 2) can be subdivided into Py2a as irregular cores, Py2b as a zoned overgrowth on Py2a, and Py2c as overgrowth on early pyrite, and (3) Py3 as fine-grained crystals in siderite-polymetallic veins (stage 3). Primary gold at the Sizhuang deposit is coevally or slightly later deposited with Py2b, Py2c, and Py3. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) analyses show that the highest Co and Ni contents in Py1 and high but variable Co in Py2b favors the involvement of deep high-temperature magmatic waters at stage 1 and middle stage 2. The elevated As contents from Py2a to Py2c and depletion of trace elements (e.g., Co, Ni, As and Te) and high Au/Co, Cu/Ni, and As/Ni values in Py2a and Py3, combined with published H-O isotope data, imply a meteoric water ingress during stage 2–3. Thus, the fluid evolution at Sizhuang is a consequence of pulsed deep magmatic fluid release plus progressive meteoric fluid ingress. The rhythmic Co–As–Ni–Au bands of Py2b additionally suggest episodic changes in the composition of ore-forming fluids. Moreover, the sharp textural features (e.g., pyrite overgrowth on previously cataclastic crystals) of Py2 and As-Cu-rich and Co-poor bands in zoned Py2b probably also reflect rapid metal deposition and self-organization and subsequent mineral crystal growth due to the pressure release during phase separation in the Sizhuang deposit. Considering the significantly concentrated gold (>1300 t) in the regional Jiaojia fault zone and Au-bearing mineral formation related to phase separation (boiling) in the Sizhuang deposit, gold mineralization in the Sizhuang deposit was interpreted to be controlled by the pressure-driver owing to the seismic activities in the Jiaojia fault system.

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Section: Gold Occurrence and Its Controlssupporting

confidence: 69%

Evolution of Pyrite Compositions at the Sizhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Implications for the Genesis of Jiaodong-Type Orogenic Gold Mineralization

et al. 2021

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“…In terms of the Linglong granite, there is a time gap of 40 million years between granitic magmatism (~160 Ma) and gold mineralization (~120 Ma) based on geochronology studies (Zhang et al ., 2019), and therefore the Linglong granitic magma unlikely provided metals for gold deposits in this district. As for the Precambrian metamorphic rocks, they are also not a possible candidate for the metal source (Goldfarb and Santosh, 2014; Yuan et al ., 2019), because the age of regional metamorphic event is about 1.8 Ga, much older than the gold mineralization time of ~120 Ma (Goldfarb and Santosh, 2014), and gold and associated elements would have been released from the Precambrian metamorphic rocks during regional metamorphism at that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Dayingezhuang gold deposit, formed at ~120 Ma (Yuan et al ., 2019), is located approximately 18 km southwest of Zhaoyuan (Figure 1b). It contains more than 125 t gold reserves, with annual production >2.6 t. The gold mineralization is confined to the major NNE‐trending Zhaoping fault, which is cut by the NW‐trending Dayingezhuang fault.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area, Eastern China: Insights from trace element analysis of gold and pyrite

Fan

Yin

et al. 2021

Resource Geology

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The metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area, eastern China, has been investigated by many researchers, but no consensus has been reached so far. In this study, three typical gold deposits, the Xinli, Jiaojia, and Dayingezhuang deposits, were selected for trace element analysis of gold and pyrite to constrain the metal source. Pyrite from these three deposits has similar morphological and compositional characteristics, and can be divided into three types: Py1 with euhedral to subhedral textures, Py2 with subhedral to anhedral textures with micro‐fractures, and Py3 with subhedral to anhedral textures and intergrowing polymetallic sulfides. Among them, Py2 and Py3 were formed in the main ore‐forming stage and they are the dominant host minerals of visible gold. In these deposits, visible gold occurs mainly in micro‐fractures or as inclusions in Py2 and Py3. Most of the pyrite has extremely low concentration of invisible gold, indicating that visible gold in the Jiaoxibei district is not a product of the remobilization of invisible gold from earlier pyrite. Both Py2 and Py3 are characterized by low Co concentration of <100 ppm and Co/Ni ratio of <1, which are similar to those of pyrite in sedimentary rocks. Therefore, ore‐forming metals of these gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei district may originate mainly from a sediment‐related metal source.

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“…These features all suggest temporal and spatial evolution of gold fineness in the Jiaojia gold deposit. A stage of Ag-mineralization, characterized by deposition of kustelite and argentite, is developed after the gold mineralization in Dayingezhuang gold deposit, which is also indicative of temporal evolution of gold fineness and Au-Ag mineralization (Yuan et al, 2019). Besides, although electrum is dominantly occurring in the Xincheng gold deposit, the relative content between Au and Ag in visible gold grains varies greatly (Yang et al, 2016), also implying possible variations of gold fineness among different stages of mineralization in the deposit.…”

Section: Tempo-spatial Evolution Of Visible Gold Finenessmentioning

confidence: 92%

Conditions and processes leading to large-scale gold deposition in the Jiaodong province, eastern China

Fan

Lan

et al. 2021

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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The gold deposits in the Jiaodong Peninsula constitute the largest gold mineralized province in China. The mineralization shows common characteristics in their tectonic setting, ore-forming fluid and metallogenic system. Sulfidation and fluid immiscibility are two important mechanisms controlling gold precipitation, both of which consume sulfur in the oreforming fluids. The escape of H 2 S from the main ore-forming fluids and the decrease of total sulfur concentration not only lead to the efficient precipitation of gold, but also result in the crystallization of reducing minerals such as pyrrhotite and oxidizing minerals such as magnetite. Quartz solubility shows strong dependence on temperature, pressure, and CO 2 content. The dependence of quartz solubility on pressure is weak at low temperatures, and progressively stronger at higher temperatures. Similarly, the temperature dependence of quartz solubility is relatively low at low pressures, but becomes gradually stronger at high pressures. The results of solubility modeling can constrain the dissolution and reprecipitation behavior of quartz in the oreforming veins and the formation mechanism of different types of quartz veins. The multi-stage mineralization fluid activity resulted in the complex dissolution structure of quartz in the Jiaodong gold veins. Pyrite in the main metallogenic period in the Jiaodong gold deposits shows complex microstructure characteristics at single crystal scale. The trace elements (mainly the coupling of As-and Au-rich belt) and sulfur isotope composition also display a certain regularity. The As-rich fluids might have formed by the initial pulse of ore-forming fluids through As-rich metasedimentary strata, while the As-Au oscillation zone at the margin of pyrite grains is related to the pressure fluctuation caused by fault activity and the local phase separation of fluids. There is a temporal and spatial evolution of gold fineness in the Jiaodong gold deposits. Water/rock reaction (sulfidation) was the main ore-forming mechanism of early gold mineralization, forming relatively high fineness gold, while significant pressure drop in the shallow part accompanied by fluid phase separation promoted the late gold mineralization, forming low fineness gold. Under cratonic destruction setting, dehydration of the amphibolite and granulite facies metamorphic lower-crust resulted in the formation of Au-CO 2 -rich ore-forming fluids, which rose along the deep fault and secondary structure, and formed the largescale fault-controlled gold deposits in Jiaodong.

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New constraints on the genesis of the giant Dayingezhuang gold (silver) deposit in the Jiaodong district, North China Craton

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

Evolution of Pyrite Compositions at the Sizhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Implications for the Genesis of Jiaodong-Type Orogenic Gold Mineralization

Evolution of Pyrite Compositions at the Sizhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China: Implications for the Genesis of Jiaodong-Type Orogenic Gold Mineralization

Metal source of gold deposits in the Jiaoxibei area, Eastern China: Insights from trace element analysis of gold and pyrite

Conditions and processes leading to large-scale gold deposition in the Jiaodong province, eastern China

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