New data on forensic reconstruction of the middle part of the face

The article is dedicated to the 115th anniversary of the birth of Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov, a world-famous scientist, pioneer of historical and forensic portrait reconstruction, founder of the Plastic Reconstruction Laboratory at the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (currently the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences). M.M. Gerasimov created the most famous gallery of sculptural portraits of a number of historical persons, and also recreated the appearances of fossil peo-ple from the available bone remains. A man of encyclopedic knowledge, anthropologist, archaeologist and sculp-tor rolled into one, Gerasimov laid the foundations of craniofacial reconstruction and created his own scientific school. For his invaluable contribution to science and practical anthropology, as well as to forensic medicine and forensic science, the scientist was awarded the State Prize in 1950, as well as the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR in 1969. The method of facial reconstruction developed by Gerasimov formed the basis of modern meth-ods equipped with advanced imaging and computer technologies. The laboratory created by M.M. Gerasimov exists and is actively functioning up to the present days, and his students successfully continue the work he started. For decades, the authority of M.M. Gerasimov in anthropological reconstruction has remained unshakable, the method of reconstruction of the appearance of fossil people, developed by the scientist, has received world-wide recognition, and it is fundamental for modern researchers. Followers of M.M. Gerasimov continue to develop and improve the method, which is of paramount importance in paleoanthropology, ethnography, historical sci-ences, and which has found practical application in forensic science, forensic medicine and plastic surgery.

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Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov (1907–1970) and his method of face reconstruction from the skull

Fominykh

Kiselyov

Захарова

et al. 2023

VAAE

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Портреты средневековых жителей Вологды. Антропологическая реконструкция внешности Portraits of Medieval Inhabitants of Vologda. Anthropological Reconstruction of Appearance

Veselovskaya,

Panteleeva,

Rashkovskaya (Pelenitsyna)

et al. 2023

ВкА

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Одной из наиболее наглядных иллюстраций биологической изменчивости древних популяций служат серии портретов‑реконструкций внешности, выполненные по черепам из одного или ряда близких могильников. Такие галереи образов позволяют судить о размахе вариаций основных размеров и пропорций головы, об изменчивости описательных и качественных характеристик внешности. В статье приведены контурные и графические реконструкции, выполненные в фас и профиль, по восьми черепам представителей средневекового населения г. Вологды. Краниологический материал происходит из трех могильников: 1) кладбище по адресу Парковый переулок, 12, датировка XIII– XVI вв. — три мужских и один женский череп; 2) захоронения у южной стороны Софийского собора, датировка XIV–XVI вв. — 1 череп; 3) кладбище на ул. Бурмагиных, 34 — два погребения, мужское и женское, датировка XV–XVI вв. и одно мужское XVII века. Прически, одежда и украшения выполнены в соответствии с реалиями эпохи. По каждому индивиду представлены словесные портреты прижизненной внешности. Для некоторых индивидов проведена реконструкция прижизненной длины тела, а также определен конституциональный тип. The biological variability of the population can be clearly shown in portraits reconstructed from crania that come from close burial grounds. Such image galleries give an idea of the range of variations in the main proportions of the head and the variability of different traits. Contour and graphic reconstructions, full‑face and profile, were performed on eight skulls representing Vologda’s medieval population. The cranial material comes from three burial grounds: 1) cemetery at Park Lane, 12 (13th‑16th centuries) — three male and one female skulls; 2) burials at the south side of St. Sophia Cathedral (14th‑16th centuries) — 1 skull; 3) cemetery at Burmaginykh Str., 34 — two burials, male and female (15th‑16th centuries) and one male burial (17th century). Hairstyles, clothes and jewelry were designed based on the realities of the corresponding time period. The article also provides verbal portraits of each individual and the calculated lifetime body length and constitutional type of some individuals.

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New data on forensic reconstruction of the middle part of the face

Cited by 2 publications

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Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov (1907–1970) and his method of face reconstruction from the skull

Mikhail Mikhailovich Gerasimov (1907–1970) and his method of face reconstruction from the skull

Портреты средневековых жителей Вологды. Антропологическая реконструкция внешности Portraits of Medieval Inhabitants of Vologda. Anthropological Reconstruction of Appearance

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