New diagnostic modalities in soft tissue sarcoma

Singer, Samuel

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2388(199907/08)17:1<11::aid-ssu3>3.0.co;2-0

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Certain tumors have an assigned grade based on the histologic diagnosis (eg, Grade 1 for well-differentiated liposarcomas; Grade 3 for rhabdomyosarcoma). Sarcomas may be misdiagnosed or misclassified by the general pathologist in up to 25% to 40% of cases; [21][22][23][24] therefore, it is strongly recommended that cases be reviewed before therapy by experts in sarcoma pathology. This high rate of discordance illustrates the need for more objective molecular and biochemical markers to improve the accuracy of conventional histologic assessments.…”

Section: Histologic Gradementioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Cormier

Pollock

2004

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

514

345

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Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors that arise predominantly from the embryonic mesoderm. They present most commonly as an asymptomatic mass originating in an extremity but can occur anywhere in the body, particularly the trunk, retroperitoneum, or the head and neck. Pretreatment radiologic imaging is critical for defining the local extent of a tumor, staging the disease, guiding biopsies, and aiding in diagnosis. Core-needle biopsy is the preferred biopsy technique for diagnosing soft tissue sarcomas. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for soft tissue sarcomas is based on histologic grade, the tumor size and depth, and the presence of distant or nodal metastases.Despite improvements in local control rates with wide local resections and radiation therapy, metastasis and death remain a significant problem in 50% of patients who present with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. The most common site of metastasis is the lungs, and metastasis generally occurs within two to three years after the completion of therapy. Progress in the molecular characteristics of these tumors should in the near future translate into molecularly based therapies that can be incorporated into standard treatment strategies. (CA Cancer J Clin 2004;54:94 -109.) © American Cancer Society, 2004.

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Section: Histologic Gradementioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Cormier

Pollock

2004

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians

514

345

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“…The described chromosomal rearrangements not only aid in the diagnosis and classification of soft tissue tumors, but are particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of patients with an uncertain or dubious morphology (193). Routine techniques, such as FISH and RT-PCR, can be within the reach of pathology laboratories, helping the pathologist in the diagnosis of such neoplasms (194). Obviously, as for all biomolecular methods, an essential condition is mandatory for the correct development of these methods and to ensure useful results for diagnosis; this includes all pre-analytical stages of preparation of the biological sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular strategies for detecting chromosomal translocations in soft tissue tumors (Review)

Cerrone¹,

Cantile²,

Collina³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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Approximately one third of soft tissue tumors are characterized by chromosomal aberrations, in particular, translocations and amplifications, which appear to be highly specific. The identification of fusion transcripts not only supports the diagnosis, but provides the basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking the aberrant activity of chimeric proteins. Molecular biology, and in particular, cytogenetic and qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction technologies, allow with high efficiency and specificity, the determination of specific fusion transcripts resulting from chromosomal translocations, as well as the analysis of gene amplifications. In this review, various molecular techniques that allow the identification of translocations and consequent fusion transcripts generated are discussed in the broad spectrum of soft tissue tumors.

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“…As compared to the accumulation of mutations associated with epithelial carcinomas, 1 cytogenetic studies of sarcomas have revealed structural abnormalities associated with specific histological tumor types and aided the development of sensitive diagnostic techniques. 2,6,7 Characteristic gene aberrations found in sarcomas are shown in Table 1. Balanced chromosomal translocations frequently juxtapose two unrelated genes to form a novel tumor-associated transcript (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Approaches to Sarcoma Therapy

Olsen

Tarantolo

Hinrichs

2002

Sarcoma

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Soft tissue sarcomas comprise a heterogeneous group of aggressive tumors that have a relatively poor prognosis. Although conventional therapeutic regimens can effectively cytoreduce the overall tumor mass, they fail to consistently achieve a curative outcome. Alternative gene-based approaches that counteract the underlying neoplastic process by eliminating the clonal aberrations that potentiate malignant behavior have been proposed. As compared to the accumulation of gene alterations associated with epithelial carcinomas, sarcomas are frequently characterized by the unique presence of a single chromosomal translocation in each histological subtype. Similar to the Philadelphia chromosome associated with CML, these clonal abnormalities result in the fusion of two independent unrelated genes to generate a unique chimeric protein that displays aberrant activity believed to initiate cellular transformation. Secondary gene mutations may provide an additional growth advantage that further contributes to malignant progression. The recent clinical success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, STI571, suggests that therapeutic approaches specifically directed against essential survival factors in sarcoma cells may be effective. This review summarizes published approaches targeting a specific molecular mechanism associated with sarcomagenesis. The strategy and significance of published translational studies in six distinct areas are presented. These include: (1) the disruption of chimeric transcription factor activity; (2) inhibition of growth stimulatory post-translational modifications; (3) restoration of tumor suppressor function; (4) interference with angiogenesis; (5) induction of apoptotic pathways; and (6) introduction of toxic gene products. The potential for improving outcomes in sarcoma patients and the conceptual obstacles to be overcome are discussed.

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New diagnostic modalities in soft tissue sarcoma

Cited by 27 publications

References 62 publications

Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Molecular strategies for detecting chromosomal translocations in soft tissue tumors (Review)

Molecular Approaches to Sarcoma Therapy

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