New dimensions in endodontic imaging: part 1. Conventional and alternative radiographic systems

Abstract

Conventional radiographs used for the management of endodontic problems yield limited information because of the two-dimensional nature of images produced, geometric distortion and anatomical noise. These factors often act in combination. This review paper assesses the limitations of periapical radiographs and seeks to clarify three-dimensional imaging techniques that have been suggested as adjuncts to conventional radiographs. These include tuned aperture computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Of these techniques, CBCT appears to be an effective and safe way to overcome some of the problems associated with conventional radiographs.

Dört Köklü Alt İki̇nci̇ Büyük Azi Di̇şi̇ni̇n Koni̇k Işinli Bi̇lgi̇sayarli Tomografi̇ İle Değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇ Ve Endodonti̇k Tedavi̇si̇ Olgu Sunumu

“…Çünkü geleneksel radyografilerle 2 boyutlu oluşan görüntüler 3 boyutlu anatominin net bir şekilde anlaşılmasını zorlaştırır. 9 1990 yılından itibaren bilgisayarlı tomografinin endodontide kullanılmaya başlanmasıyla son yıllarda popülerliği diş hekimleri için artmıştır. KIBT herhangi bir cerrahi müdahaleye gerek kalmadan dişlerden farklı eksenlerde kesitler alınmasını sağlayarak karmaşık anatomili dişlerden daha net görüntü alınmasını sağlar.…”

Asociación entre niveles de TNF-α en fluido crevicular gingival de dientes con periodontitis apical asintomática

“…Sin embargo, estos métodos presentan limitaciones. El estudio radiográfico se basa en el análisis de una imagen bidimensional que no refleja en forma confiable cambios en los tejidos perirradiculares en el corto plazo (18)(19)(20)(21)(22) . Dadas las limitaciones de los métodos tradicionales, el análisis de biomarcadores en muestras biológicas se ha utilizado ampliamente como método complementario al diagnóstico, seguimiento y pronóstico (23,24) .…”

Current strategy for successful periradicular surgery

“…Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were able to detect periapical lesions in many cases in which a periapical radiolucency was absent in a periapical radiograph (19)(20)(21)(22). The absence of a radiolucency on a periapical radiograph does not guarantee a healthy periapex, and a CBCT scan may thus be better for diagnosis (23)(24)(25)(26). When a surgical approach is chosen, it is essential to know the precise extent of the apical lesion and its relation to the root and neighboring structures.…”