New Evidence on the Slip Rate, Renewal Time, and Late Holocene Surface Displacement, Southernmost San Andreas Fault, Mecca Hills, California

Shifflett, Howard R.; Gray, Michael G.; Grannell, R.B.; Ingram, B. Lynn

doi:10.1785/0120000601

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1). The fault zone contains abundant geomorphic signs of recent and ongoing deformation, including dextrally deflected and beheaded streams, shutter ridges, sag ponds, fault scarps, and displaced Quaternary and Holocene alluvial fans (e.g., Keller et al, 1982;Sieh and Williams, 1990;Shifflett et al, 2002;Behr et al, 2010;Gray et al, 2014). Modeling of GPS data suggests that slip rates decrease northward from ~23 mm/yr in the southernmost Coachella Valley to ~14-18 mm/yr in the northern Coachella Valley (Spinler et al, 2010;Behr et al, 2010).…”

Section: Geologic and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal-scale tilting of the central Salton block, southern California

Dorsey

Langenheim

2015

Geosphere

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The southern San Andreas fault system (California, USA) provides an excellent natural laboratory for studying the controls on vertical crustal motions related to strike-slip deformation. Here we present geologic, geomorphic, and gravity data that provide evidence for active northeastward tilting of the Santa Rosa Mountains and southern Coachella Valley about a horizontal axis oriented parallel to the San Jacinto and San Andreas faults. The Santa Rosa fault, a strand of the San Jacinto fault zone, is a large southwest-dipping normal fault on the west flank of the Santa Rosa Mountains that displays well-developed triangular facets, narrow footwall canyons, and steep hanging-wall alluvial fans. Geologic and geomorphic data reveal ongoing footwall uplift in the southern Santa Rosa Mountains, and gravity data suggest total vertical separation of ~5.0-6.5 km from the range crest to the base of the Clark Valley basin. The northeast side of the Santa Rosa Mountains has a gentler topographic gradient, large alluvial fans, no major active faults, and tilted inactive late Pleistocene fan surfaces that are deeply incised by modern upper fan channels. Sediments beneath the Coachella Valley thicken gradually northeast to a depth of ~4-5 km at an abrupt boundary at the San Andreas fault. These features all record crustal-scale tilting to the northeast that likely started when the San Jacinto fault zone initiated ca. 1.2 Ma. Tilting appears to be driven by oblique shortening and loading across a northeast-dipping southern San Andreas fault, consistent with the results of a recent boundary-element modeling study.

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Section: Geologic and Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal-scale tilting of the central Salton block, southern California

Dorsey

Langenheim

2015

Geosphere

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“…The Mission Creek strand of the SAF at Thousand Palms has an estimated mean interval of 215 years over the past 1200 years, with the last major event occurring in the late 1600s [Fumal et al, 2002]. Closer to the location of this study the SSAF at Mecca hills has been estimated at 260 years over the past 34 ka [Shifflett et al, 2002]. With the same paleoseismology estimates available as used by Fay and Humphreys [2005], we use their repeat interval of 250 years for the SSAF.…”

Section: Model Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently the estimate of Keller et al [1982] has been reevaluated at the Biskra Palms site by van der Woerd et al [2006] on the basis of revised alluvial fan displacement offsets and more accurate dating methods to give a SSAF rate of $16 mm/a, within the range of Keller et al [1982]. This suggests that the current best estimate of slip on the SSAF is $16 mm/a, with even slower rates near Indio and the Salton Sea farther south reflecting shallower creep [Sieh and Williams, 1990;Shifflett et al, 2002].…”

Section: Geologic Rate Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This analysis represents somewhat of a hybrid between the studies of Fay and Humphreys [2005] and Fialko [2006]; Fay and Humphreys [2005] used viscoelastic earthquake cycle models to estimate fault slip rates and rheology, and Fialko [2006] used elastic models to explore the SAF dip versus lateral rigidity variations and the location of the currently active strand of the SJF. Weldon and Sieh [1985]; Ke, Kendrick et al [2002]; Fu, Fumal et al [2002]; vW, van der Woerd et al [2006]; Ra, Rockwell et al [1990]; Rb; Rockwell et al [2003]; PW; Petersen and Wesnousky [1994]; Va, Vaughan et al [1999]; Sh, Shifflett et al [2002]; Do, Dorsey [2002]; BJ, Belgarde and Janecke [2007]; TR, Thomas and Rockwell [1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern San Andreas‐San Jacinto fault system slip rates estimated from earthquake cycle models constrained by GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations

Lundgren¹,

Hetland²,

Liu³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] We use ground geodetic and interferometric synthetic aperture radar satellite observations across the southern San Andreas (SAF)-San Jacinto (SJF) fault systems to constrain their slip rates and the viscosity structure of the lower crust and upper mantle on the basis of periodic earthquake cycle, Maxwell viscoelastic, finite element models. Key questions for this system are the SAF and SJF slip rates, the slip partitioning between the two main branches of the SJF, and the dip of the SAF. The best-fitting models generally have a high-viscosity lower crust (h = 10 21 Pa s) overlying a lower-viscosity upper mantle (h = 10 19 Pa s). We find considerable trade-offs between the relative time into the current earthquake cycle of the San Jacinto fault and the upper mantle viscosity. With reasonable assumptions for the relative time in the earthquake cycle, the partition of slip is fairly robust at around 24-26 mm/a for the San Jacinto fault system and 16-18 mm/a for the San Andreas fault. Models for two subprofiles across the SAF-SJF systems suggest that slip may transfer from the western (Coyote Creek) branch to the eastern (Clark-Superstition hills) branch of the SJF from NW to SE. Across the entire system our best-fitting model gives slip rates of 2 ± 3, 12 ± 9, 12 ± 9, and 17 ± 3 mm/a for the Elsinore, Coyote Creek, Clark, and San Andreas faults, respectively, where the large uncertainties in the slip rates for the SJF branches reflect the large uncertainty in the slip rate partitioning within the SJF system.Citation: Lundgren, P., E. A. Hetland, Z. Liu, and E. J. Fielding (2009), Southern San Andreas-San Jacinto fault system slip rates estimated from earthquake cycle models constrained by GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations,

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“…Table 2 Comparison of slip rates in mm/yr measured at study sites along the San Andreas and Imperial faults (right) with non-primary slip rates assigned to segments by (1) PETERSEN et al (1996); and (2) WGCEP (1995) on the left. Sources of primary slip rate data are superscripted: (a) NOLLER, LETTIS & SIMPSON, 1994;(b) NIEMI andHALL, 1992, (c) HALL, WRIGHT, andCLAHAN, 1999;(d) SIEH and JAHNS, 1984;(e) SALYARDS, SIEH, and KIRSCHVINK, 1992; WELDON and SIEH, 1985;(g) WELDON et al, 2002; HARDEN and MATTI, 1989;(i) SEITZ et al, 2000;(j) FUMAL et al, 2002a,b ; KELLER, BONKOWSKI, KORSCH, and SHLEMON, 1982;(m) SHIFFLETT et al, 2002, (n) CLARK et al, 1984(o) THOMAS and ROCKWELL, 1996;(p) LARSEN and REILINGER, 1991. Slip rates are listed as minimum, maximum and preferred values.…”

Section: San Andreas and Imperial Fault Slip Rate And Recurrence Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation of Paleoseismic Data for Earthquake Simulation

Grant

Gould

2004

Pure appl. geophys.

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Simulation of the complete earthquake generation process requires assimilation of observational data on long-term behavior of faults over multiple rupture cycles. Paleoseismology, the study of pre-instrumental earthquakes from geological field investigations, provides the only observations of long-term fault behavior. Paleoseismic data present challenges for assimilation into models because data sets are small, sparse, analog, and contain qualitative uncertainties. Observations can be categorized as primary measurements from field data, or non-primary extrapolations or interpretations of primary data. Assimilation of non-primary data could yield biased simulation results. We present a primary data set for the San Andreas and Imperial faults for comparison with non-primary data in existing databases, and propose standard formats and structure for paleoseismic data assimilation into numerical simulation models .

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New Evidence on the Slip Rate, Renewal Time, and Late Holocene Surface Displacement, Southernmost San Andreas Fault, Mecca Hills, California

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Crustal-scale tilting of the central Salton block, southern California

Crustal-scale tilting of the central Salton block, southern California

Southern San Andreas‐San Jacinto fault system slip rates estimated from earthquake cycle models constrained by GPS and interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations

Assimilation of Paleoseismic Data for Earthquake Simulation

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