New fluorescent hyperbranched polymeric sensors as probes for monitoring photopolymerization reactions

Medel, Sandra; Bosch, Paula

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.06.005

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…9, 17 The wavelengths used for the dansyl probe in this study were 495 nm (λ em1 ) and 545 nm (λ em2 ), which avoids interaction with the photocuring process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 In the same way, physical and mechanical properties can be correlated with conversion by coupling FT-IR spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical techniques, such as tensometer, 10 dynamic mechanical analyzer 11 or rheometry. 12 This work represents the first time that we can examine changes and heterogeneities at the sub-microscopic level by augmenting an FT-NIR analytical approach with fluorescence spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Monomer reaction data from other instruments like photo-DSC or FT-IR combined with uorescent probe analysis can distinguish the different steps involved in a polymerization mechanism at the microscopic level, which cannot be observed only with calorimetric or spectroscopic measurements. 9 In the same way, physical and mechanical properties can be correlated with conversion by coupling FT-IR spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical techniques, such as tensometer, 10 dynamic mechanical analyzer 11 or rheometry. 12 This work represents the rst time that we can examine changes and heterogeneities at the sub-microscopic level by augmenting an FT-NIR analytical approach with uorescence spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous measurement of fluorescence, conversion and physical/mechanical properties for monitoring bulk and localized photopolymerization reactions in heterogeneous systems

et al. 2016

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An FT-NIR spectrometer, rheometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer were coupled for the real-time monitoring of polymerization reactions, allowing the simultaneous tracking of polymerization kinetics, storage modulus as well as fluorescence. In this study, a methacrylate functionalized dansyl chromophore (DANSMA) was synthesized and two different nanogels were made from urethane dimethacrylate and isobornyl methacrylate. Two series of resin formulations were prepared using the DANSMA probe, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate as the matrix monomer, Irgacure® 651 as the initiator and the dispersed, monomer-swollen nanogels to give clear UV-curable resins. Placement of the fluorescent probe either throughout the resin or linked into the nanogel before its dispersion in the matrix provides a tool to study how the nanogel structure affects local network development by means of fluorescence from the DANSMA probe. We demonstrate the potential of this new technique using a composite as the two phase system (resin and polymerizable nanogel) including a dansyl derivative as a polymerizable probe to follow the reactions that are taking places in both phases.

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“…9, 17 The wavelengths used for the dansyl probe in this study were 495 nm (λ em1 ) and 545 nm (λ em2 ), which avoids interaction with the photocuring process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous measurement of fluorescence, conversion and physical/mechanical properties for monitoring bulk and localized photopolymerization reactions in heterogeneous systems

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, gelation offers the advantage of minimizing electrolyte leakage over time, while maintaining good contact between the dye molecules and the redox mediator. Last but not least, the DSSC community can take advantage of the recent strong advances carried out in the field of polymer science and technology [73][74][75][76][77][78][79] to achieve the best performance and stability in the resulting devices. Spiccia and coworkers proposed cobalt-based gel electrolytes with 4 to 10 wt% of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) incorporated in ACN [80].…”

Section: Polymeric Matrices-based Electrolytes Containing Cobalt Compmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Recent Advances towards Stable Devices

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Redox mediators based on cobalt complexes allowed dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to achieve efficiencies exceeding 14%, thus challenging the emerging class of perovskite solar cells. Unfortunately, cobalt-based electrolytes demonstrate much lower long-term stability trends if compared to the traditional iodide/triiodide redox couple. In view of the large-scale commercialization of cobalt-based DSCs, the scientific community has recently proposed various approaches and materials to increase the stability of these devices, which comprise gelling agents, crosslinked polymeric matrices and mixtures of solvents (including water). This review summarizes the most significant advances recently focused towards this direction, also suggesting some intriguing way to fabricate third-generation cobalt-based photoelectrochemical devices stable over time.

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“…Typically, the ratio R is determined by dividing the intensity at a smaller wavelength (I 1 ) by the intensity at a larger wavelength (I 2 ). Fluorescence Probe Technology can be fruitfully deployed to investigate various processes and phenomena in polymer science, such as different types of polymerization processes [44][45][46][47][48], (including cross-linking and gel formation), irreversible film formation by physical interpenetration and the diffusion of polymer chains across interfaces, phase separation, and reversible transitions, such as glass transitions [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Role of Diphenylpyridine Derivatives as Fluorescent Sensors for Monitoring Photopolymerization and the Determination of the Efficiencies of the Generation of Superacids by Cationic Photoinitiators

Topa

Petko²,

Galek³

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Novel fluorescent sensors with electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents incorporated into a chromophore group based on 2,6-diphenylpyridine were designed and synthesised. The spectroscopic properties of these compounds were studied. Moreover, the positive solvatochromism of 2,6-bis-(4-methylsulphanylphenyl)pyridine (PT-SCH3) in selected solvents was studied by measurement of the absorption and emission spectra and analysed using the Dimroth–Reichardt solvent parameter set. After that, the performance of a series of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives as fluorescent molecular sensors for monitoring free-radical and cationic photopolymerization processes by the Fluorescence Probe Technique (FPT) was studied. As a consequence of this stage of research, the effect of substituents on the sensitivity of the 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives as sensors during photopolymerization has been evaluated and discussed. It has been found that compounds containing strong electron-donating substituent (PT-SCH3) slightly shift their fluorescence spectrum during the free-radical polymerization of monomer, which enables the monitoring of the polymerization progress using the fluorescence intensity ratio measured at two different wavelengths as the progress indicator. The position of the fluorescence spectrum of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents is practically insensitive to changes occurring in their environment. Hence, it is recommended to use these compounds with different indicators of the progress of the photopolymerization process based on normalised intensity of fluorescence (Imax/I0). Among the compounds studied, 2,6-bis(4-methylsulphanylphenyl)pyridine (PT-SCH3) turned out to be the best fluorescent sensor for the purpose of monitoring free-radical polymerization by FPT. Consequently, the dual application of the selected 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives is proposed: (a) as fluorescent sensors for monitoring the free-radical photopolymerization progress, and (b) as spectroscopic sensors for the determination of efficiencies of the generation of superacids by cationic photoinitiators during the cationic photopolymerization process. Finally, a new method for determining the relative efficiency of the photogeneration of superacids during the photo cleavage of onium salt has been devised and applied for the evaluation of the performance of 2,6-diphenylpyridine derivatives.

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New fluorescent hyperbranched polymeric sensors as probes for monitoring photopolymerization reactions

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Simultaneous measurement of fluorescence, conversion and physical/mechanical properties for monitoring bulk and localized photopolymerization reactions in heterogeneous systems

Simultaneous measurement of fluorescence, conversion and physical/mechanical properties for monitoring bulk and localized photopolymerization reactions in heterogeneous systems

Cobalt-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Recent Advances towards Stable Devices

Double Role of Diphenylpyridine Derivatives as Fluorescent Sensors for Monitoring Photopolymerization and the Determination of the Efficiencies of the Generation of Superacids by Cationic Photoinitiators

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