New generation extraction solvents: from ionic liquids and aqueous biphasic systems to deep eutectic solvents

Alternative Extraction Systems for Precious Metals Recovery: Aqueous Biphasic Systems, Ionic Liquids, Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Phase-forming components of aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) are water-soluble, nontoxic, biocompatible, available, and produced in large quantities. Recently, along with traditional polymer-salt and polymer-polymer systems, ABSs produced on the basis of non-polymeric compounds, such as organic salts, in particular ionic liquids, hydrophilic solvents (acetonitrile, alcohols), and so on, have been proposed [18,19].…”

“…DESs have a number of advantages: easy and convenient preparation, nontoxicity, non-volatility, non-combustibility, and biodegradability, which allow these compounds to be classified as environmentally benign [19,70]. As in the case of ILs, due to the variability of constituent components, DESs are referred to designer solvents.…”

Valorisation of red beet waste: one-step extraction and separation of betalains and chlorophylls using thermoreversible aqueous biphasic systems

“…They are composed of a large organic cation and an inorganic/organic anion, with a unique set of properties: negligible vapour pressure and high thermal and chemical stability. 9 Furthermore, ILs have several advantages over organic solvents; if properly designed, they may be non-toxic and biodegradable. 10 They can be produced based on low cost and non-toxic cations, such as cholinium (or other quaternary ammonium-based ILs), thus opening doors for their application in biomolecules' extraction and further preservation.…”

Imidazolium-Modified Silica Gel for Highly Selective Preconcentration of Ag(I) from the Nitric Acid Medium

“…The first examples of using ionic liquids for the extraction of organic compounds and metal ions appeared in the late 20th century [1][2][3] and since then this trend has progressed extensively. Ionic liquids have become ingrained in the practice of hydrometallurgy, analytical chemistry, electrochemistry, catalysis, organic synthesis, and other fields [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The convenience of compounds of this type is that the nature of cations and anions can be varied with ease, which makes it possible to change the hydrophobicity, hydrolytic stability, and solubility of an ionic liquid and some of its specific interactions with an analyte.…”