New Hybrid Polyurea-Polyurethane Elastomers with Antistatic Properties and an Influence of Various Additives on Their Physicochemical Properties

Abstract

Polyurea is a synthetic high-strength elastomeric material that can be sprayed as a coating over existing structures in order to protect against weathering effects. It is ideal for anti-corrosion protection and is characterized by excellent mechanical properties and adhesion to various surfaces. Further development of this technology may allow obtaining new coatings with improved antistatic properties, which would be an excellent alternative compared to used antistatic epoxy paints. This paper will examine the influence of tetraalkylammonium salt (1), potassium hexafluorophosphate solution (2) and imidazolium-based ionic liquid (3) on the improvement of antistatic properties of the polyurea-polyurethane coatings. In addition, the modified samples were also verified in terms of changes in mechanical properties and the appearance of functional groups other than in the reference sample, as well as surface defects that may arise due to incompatibility of the antistatic additive with the polymer matrix. In order to obtain information about the properties mentioned above, the electrical resistance was determined, the tensile strength and elongation were measured, FT-IR spectra were made, and images were taken with the use of scanning electron microscopy. The conducted research showed that the antistatic properties of the tested hybrid coatings could be improved, but their use may be associated with certain limitations that should be taken into account when designing such materials.

Observation of the Effect of Aging on the Structural Changes of Polyurethane/Polyurea Coatings

“…The isocyanate in this case exists in two forms: aromatic and aliphatic. In addition, this compound can act as a monomer, a polymer, or a mixture thereof [ 10 ]. It is the manufacturer’s secret which polyol compound was added to system B.…”

“…Both are based on a two-component system, and the curing mechanisms are by reaction, where isocyanate is a common component, and the second component is a polyether polyamine for polyureas, while polyether polyol is for polyurethane [ 10 ]. It is also possible to make so-called ‘hybrid’ systems, in which the isocyanate reacts with a mixture of hydroxyl and amino groups [ 10 ]. A hybrid reaction requiring the use of catalysts becomes uncontrolled when the application takes place within ambient conditions relative to the recommended standards.…”

“…The difference between polyurea and polyurethane is the type of functional group involved in the reaction with isocyanates. Both are based on a two-component system, and the curing mechanisms are by reaction, where isocyanate is a common component, and the second component is a polyether polyamine for polyureas, while polyether polyol is for polyurethane [10]. It is also possible to make so-called 'hybrid' systems, in which the isocyanate reacts with the physicochemical properties of the coatings' surface was thoroughly investigated and characterized by the water contact angle and surface free energy.…”

Recent Developments in Polyurea Research for Enhanced Impact Penetration Resistance and Blast Mitigation

“…The industrial products and facilities sector is susceptible to a range of risks such as external shocks, vibrations and explosions during their operation and use, resulting in equipment damage, production interruptions and potential injuries. Industries such as mineral development are prone to fire hazards, which have led to an increased demand for materials with antistatic properties [129]. Nonetheless, enhancing antistatic properties may compromise other performance aspects, thereby restricting their application.…”