New learning following reactivation in the human brain: Targeting emotional memories through rapid serial visual presentation

Wirkner, Janine; Löw, Andreas; Hamm, Alfons O.; Weymar, Mathias

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.01.006

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This finding is in line with many previous studies reporting emotional memory-enhancing effects for single items and contexts (Bradley et al, 1992;Doerksen & Shimamura, 2001;Dolcos et al, 2005;Guillet & Arndt, 2009; Jaworek et al, 2014;Maratos & Rugg, 2001;Mather & Nesmith, 2008;Nashiro & Mather, 2011;Pierce & Kensinger, 2011;Smith, Dolan, et al, 2004;Weymar et al, 2009Weymar et al, , 2010bWeymar et al, , 2011Weymar Löw, Modess, et al, 2010a;Wirkner et al, 2013Wirkner et al, , 2015; but see Jaeger et al, 2009;Jaeger & Rugg. 2012), suggesting that emotional arousal improves long-term associative memory.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Because a parietal ERP old/new effect has been related to the process of contextual remembering (Wilding, 2000;Wilding & Rugg, 1996;see Rugg & Curran, 2007, for review), our finding indicates that retrieval of emotional (unpleasant and pleasant) contexts engages recollection processes. This clearly replicates previous ERP picture memory studies that found enhanced parietal ERP old/new effects for emotional pictures (e.g., Ferrari, Bradley, Codispoti, Karlsson, & Lang, 2013;Jaworek et al, 2014;Weymar et al, 2009;Weymar et al, 2010bWeymar et al, , 2011Wirkner et al, 2013Wirkner et al, , 2015. Interestingly, our result contrasts with prior work where comparable ERP old/new effects were found when using emotional and neutral pictures as contexts (Jaeger et al, 2009;Jaeger & Rugg, 2012;Smith, Dolan, et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Due to the low number of hits in the source memory task (location and background), only ERPs during the item recognition task (old vs. new) were analyzed. The identification of sensor clusters representative for maximal old/new effects were based on visual inspection of the waveforms and based on previous studies (Jaeger et al, 2009;Jaeger & Rugg, 2012;Maratos & Rugg, 2001;Smith, Dolan, et al, 2004;Weymar et al, 2009Weymar et al, , 2010bWeymar, Löw, Modess, et al 2010a;Wirkner et al, 2013Wirkner et al, , 2015. Because recent studies observed context effects at earlier (<300 ms) stages of processing (Curran & Dien, 2003;Tsivilis, Otten, & Rugg, 2001;Voss & Paller, 2009), especially for emotionally arousing events (Jaeger et al, 2009;Jaeger & Rugg, 2012;Schaefer et al, 2011;Smith, Dolan, et al, 2004), we also examined ERP differences in an early time window.…”

Section: Apparatus and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…when presenting emotional and neutral materials, and memory is subsequently tested, emotionally arousing items are better remembered and are more robust against forgetting than emotionally neutral items (e.g., Bradley, Greenwald, Petry, & Lang, 1992;Dolcos, LaBar, & Cabeza, 2005;Weymar, Löw, & Hamm, 2011;Wirkner, Löw, Hamm, &Weymar, 2015). Despite convincing evidence for a memory-enhancing effect of emotion, neutral cues can also activate strong emotional memories (e.g., in patients suffering from trauma or stress-related disorders) if these events were associated with an emotional context in which these items were encountered during encoding (e.g., Davachi, 2006;Ranganath, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two ERP old/new differences have been identified reflecting different processes involved in recognition memory: An early old/new effect (300-500 ms) located over frontal brain regions has been related to acontextual familiarity-based remembering, while centroparietal old/new differences (>500 ms) have been associated with recollection-based remembering (i.e., retrieval of specific contextual information about the learning episode; Rugg & Curran, 2007;. ERP studies exploring the electrophysiological correlates of long-lasting enhancing memory effects of emotion showed that emotional events, compared to neutral ones, are associated with larger old/new effects over parietal areas (e.g., Jaworek, Weymar, Löw, & Hamm, 2014;Schaefer, Pottage, & Rickart, 2011;Weymar, Löw, Melzig, & Hamm, 2009;Weymar et al, 2011;Weymar, Löw, Modess, et al, 2010a;Weymar, Löw, Schwabe, & Hamm, 2010b;Wirkner et al, 2015;Wirkner, Weymar, Löw, & Hamm, 2013), suggesting that remembering of emotional events is most likely guided by recollection, rather than familiarity (Dolcos et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binding neutral information to emotional contexts: Brain dynamics of long-term recognition memory

Ventura‐Bort

Löw

Wendt

et al. 2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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There is abundant evidence in memory research that emotional stimuli are better remembered than neutral stimuli. However, effects of an emotionally charged context on memory for associated neutral elements is also important, particularly in trauma and stress-related disorders, where strong memories are often activated by neutral cues due to their emotional associations. In the present study, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate long-term recognition memory (1-week delay) for neutral objects that had been paired with emotionally arousing or neutral scenes during encoding. Context effects were clearly evident in the ERPs: An early frontal ERP old/new difference (300-500 ms) was enhanced for objects encoded in unpleasant compared to pleasant and neutral contexts; and a late centralparietal old/new difference (400-700 ms) was observed for objects paired with both pleasant and unpleasant contexts but not for items paired with neutral backgrounds. Interestingly, objects encoded in emotional contexts (and novel objects) also prompted an enhanced frontal early (180-220 ms) positivity compared to objects paired with neutral scenes indicating early perceptual significance. The present data suggest that emotional-particularly unpleasantbackgrounds strengthen memory for items encountered within these contexts and engage automatic and explicit recognition processes. These results could help in understanding binding mechanisms involved in the activation of trauma-related memories by neutral cues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Apparatus and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Binding neutral information to emotional contexts: Brain dynamics of long-term recognition memory

Ventura‐Bort

Löw

Wendt

et al. 2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Memory Reconsolidation

Haubrich¹,

Nader²

2016

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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Scientific advances in the last decades uncovered that memory is not a stable, fixed entity. Apparently stable memories may become transiently labile and susceptible to modifications when retrieved due to the process of reconsolidation. Here, we review the initial evidence and the logic on which reconsolidation theory is based, the wide range of conditions in which it has been reported and recent findings further revealing the fascinating nature of this process. Special focus is given to conceptual issues of when and why reconsolidation happen and its possible outcomes. Last, we discuss the potential clinical implications of memory modifications by reconsolidation.

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