New Live Vaccines Against Virus Diseases

Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity

“…This event was observed during the use of live attenuated vaccines against poliomyelitis in children in the middle of the XX century. Children who received the live attenuated vaccine virus dispersed the virus to their schoolmates (institutional dispersion) and to their contacts at home (familial dispersion) that had not been vaccinated [ 178 , 179 ]. Several studies on this matter were carried out in the URSS and in the United States of America [ 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 ].…”

“…Children who received the live attenuated vaccine virus dispersed the virus to their schoolmates (institutional dispersion) and to their contacts at home (familial dispersion) that had not been vaccinated [ 178 , 179 ]. Several studies on this matter were carried out in the URSS and in the United States of America [ 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 , 185 ]. The application of this vaccine allowed to contain the pathogenic virus dispersal in a much more significant proportion than with the inactivated virus vaccine [ 179 , 180 , 181 , 184 , 185 , 186 ].…”

Genetic heterogeneity of L-Zagreb mumps virus vaccine strain

“…Live attenuated mumps vaccines have been used worldwide since late 1960s [ 3 , 4 ]. Nowadays, the most often used vaccine strains are Jeryl Lynn (JL), RIT 4385, Urabe-AM9, L-Zagreb and Leningrad-3 (L-3) [ 5 , 6 ].…”

“…L-3 vaccine strain was prepared from five mumps virus isolates combined into a single strain in 1953 [ 4 ]. It was characterized as heterogenic on the basis of plaque morphology [ 14 ] and a sequence autoradiogram with several ambiguities in P and F genes [ 15 ] but precise vaccine composition of L-3 was never published.…”

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“…He was the first to succeed in isolating the influenza virus in Russia in 1934. In addition, Smorodintsev was the first who created the live attenuated vaccine against influenza [1,2].…”