New methodological approach to express assessment of ecological state for the coastal sea waters

Abstract

ной нагрузки измерялись два показателя работы кардиосистемы -время восстановления частоты сердечных сокращений после снятия нагрузки и коэффициент вариации частоты сердечных сокращений в восстановительный период. Установлено, что эти показатели значительно различаются для мидий, обитающих в разных по антропогенной нагрузке акваториях. В относительно чистых бухтах с хорошим водообменом (Казачья и Карантинная бухты) они были значительно ниже этих биомаркеров для загрязненных акваторий (две локации в Южной бухте с низким уровнем водообмена). Исследования, проведенные на основе биомаркеров окислительного стресса, дали сходную сравнительную оценку.Ключевые слова: биоиндикация, оценка состояния морских экосистем, Черное море, бухты Севастополя, Mytilus galloprovincialis, биомаркеры кардиоактивности, биомаркеры окислительного стресса.

Bioindication of the ecological state (health) of coastal waters based on the use of automatic bioelectronic systems

“…Within the framework of previously mentioned ecotoxicological biomarker studies, the authors found that both marine and freshwater shell mollusks taken from ecologically safe clean zones differ from the animals from polluted water areas as they demonstrate higher adaptive capacity [6,10,24,25,35]. It is expressed, in particular, in a significantly shorter HR recovery time to the background level after removing one or another type of short-term functional load.…”

“…ticular, the cardiovascular system indicators are currently used for assessing the adaptive capacity and health of the organism [19,20,22,23,24]. In a number of studies with higher crayfish and shell mollusks it was reported that [5,6,12,15,25], a study of higher crayfish and shell mollusks showed that the speed of recovery of their cardiac rhythm after standardized stress influence characterized the ability of organism to compensate for changes caused by external factors, which was an important sign of the tested animal's health. Indeed, the adaptive capabilities of the cardiorespiratory system reflect the intensity of physiological processes, and also, in many cases, make it possible to assess the functional state of the organism as a whole [9,19,20,23].…”

“…At the same time, as further studies showed, it was most convenient to use a rapid (in 2-3 minutes) change in water salinity (within the tolerance of the species) per one hour as a standardized functional load. Based on the use of this method, an innovative technology was proposed for bioindication of ecosystems state in the water areas in which the animals under study live [6,10,36]. Later, the technique was tested in a number of domestic and international projects [24,25,[37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

“…In a number of documents [1,2] reference is made to the necessity of the development of new techniques and instrumental approaches for the development of some criteria for assessing the state of ecosystems based on the application of biological methods. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of biomarkers in the indication of biological effects of the impact of pollutants or their mixtures on the ecosystem state [3][4][5][6].…”

“…Carrying out biomonitoring investigations for the diagnostics of the state of the surrounding aquatic environment it is recommended to use a number of living organisms as "targets" of the toxic effects of pollution, among which bivalve mollusks play an important role [2]. In this case, the study of the biomarker "response" of mollusks could be carried out at different levels: genetic, organismal, tissue, and others [6,7,11,13,14].…”